Active
metabolites from natural sources are the predominant molecular
targets in numerous biological studies owing to their appropriate
compatibility with biological systems and desirable selective toxicities.
Thus, their potential for therapeutic development could span a broad
scope of disease areas, including pathological and neurological dysfunctions.
Cardiac glycosides are a unique class of specialized metabolites that
have been extensively applied as therapeutic agents for the treatment
of numerous heart conditions, and more recently, they have also been
explored as probable antitumor agents. They are a class of naturally
derived compounds that bind to and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase. This study presents cardiac glycosides and their analogues
with highlights on their applications, challenges, and prospects as
lead compounds for cancer treatment.
Phenoxazines have gained enormous interest because of their diverse applications in both material science and chemotherapy. They exhibit numerous biological activities, ranging from anti‐malarial, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti‐Alzheimer, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, to antibiotic and many more. Actinomycin D, for instance, which embodies a phenoxazine scaffold, displays both antibiotic and anticancer property. Phenoxaxines have also found usefulness in organic light‐emitting diodes, fluorescent probes and dye‐sensitized solar cells. Over the years, various research groups have strived for several structural modifications targeting new derivatives of phenoxazines with improved properties. This present review highlights the progress, challenges and prospects in medicinal and material applications of phenoxazine moiety to provide greater insight into the development of future derivatives with improved properties.
An asymmetric domino Michael/Michael reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes 1 and α‐acetyl‐β‐substituted‐α,β‐unsaturated esters 2 catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether was developed. This is a formal carbo [4+2] cycloaddition reaction affording penta‐substituted cyclohexanes having the three continuous chiral centers with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
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