The diagnosis of umbilical infections in neonates can be obtained from clinical signs, but the intracavitary involvement of structures and associated complications can be underestimated, compromising the establishment of adequate therapeutic approaches or prognosis. This case report presents the clinical, imaging, pathological and microbiological aspects of an umbilical infection in calves. Physical examination of the animal identified apathy, low body score, increased volume in the umbilical region and joints. The abdominal palpation identified firm structures in topography of the arteries and umbilical vein. Imaging examinations of the abdomen and joints were performed. Multiple, hyperechogenic focal structures have been identified in the liver, as well as cylindrical and firm structures in topography of the arteries and umbilical vein. In the joints, osteolytic changes, periosteal reactions, subchondral sclerosis and formation of osteophytes were seen. Umbilical panvasculitis triggered arthritis and an infectious process in the liver, the case being assessed as having an unfavorable prognosis and the animal being referred for euthanasia. At necropsy, multifocal abscesses were observed in the pleura, ribs, omentum, spleen and liver. There was granulomatous exudate in the urinary vesicle. The affected joints presented thickening of the joint capsule with the presence of exudate. In the microbiological analysis of liver fragments, urinary vesicle content and joint exudate, Proteus mirabilis with resistance to antimicrobials was identified. Imaging studies collaborated with the establishment of the prognosis and conduct adopted, and must, whenever possible, be included in the clinical examination. In case of death, necropsy allows a correct association of clinical signs and imaging findings.
Background: Primary lung tumors in cats are mainly classified into adenocarcinoma arising from peripheral pulmonary epithelium and, in a smaller number of cases, into adenosquamous or squamous carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and carcinoid tumor. There are few reports in the international literature describing lung cancer metastasis to visceral organs in cats, especially with regard to squamous tumors. This report describes the clinical pathological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of lung squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to small intestine in a cat. Case: A female, Siamese, unneutered, adult cat presented with an unhealed ulcerative crusted lesion on the left ear, previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Six months later, the cat returned presenting with increased volume in the left pelvic limb and claudication due to severe osteolysis in metatarsal and tarsal bones, as shown in radiographic examinations. The limb was amputated forty day later, but it did not undergo histological examination. The cat died fourteen days after amputation and underwent necropsy. Macroscopically, significant changes were observed in the small intestine, including serous segmental necrotizing and hemorrhagic lesion with luminal stenosis and corrugation of mucous surface, which was covered with a fibrinopurulent pseudomembrane. Palpation of lung parenchyma showed small firm nodules. There was an ulcerative crusted lesion on the left ear. Histopatological examination revealed infiltration of pleomorphic neoplastic epithelial cells disrupting the architecture of small intestine and lung, with pronounced anisocyitosis and anisokaryosis. The neoplastic cells had indistinct borders; their cytoplasm was eosinophilic and pleomorphic and varied from moderate to abundant in amount; and their nuclei were markedly pleomorphic and large, with up to two evident nucleoli and salt-and-paper chromatin. Additionally, numerous keratin pearls and remarkable squamous differentiation were observed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method using anti-pan-cytokeratin and antivimentin antibodies. Neoplastic cells exhibited strong and uniform cytoplasmatic immunoreactivity for pan-cyitokeratin. Vimentin expression was absent in neoplastic cells but present in the connective tissue associated with the neoplasm. Discussion: Although there are some studies on primary lung squamous cell carcinoma, to the authors' knowledge, this is the second report describing the metastasis of this tumor to small intestine in a cat. The diagnosis of lung SCC in a cat with metastasis to small intestine was confirmed by histopathological assessment and IHC. Although the amputated limb had not undergone histopathological examination, osteolytic lesions in metatarsal and tarsal bones suggested metastasis from primary lung tumors. The lack of involvement of head lymph nodes shows that cutaneous SCC was not related to lung tumors, because metastasis of this carcinoma always involves regional lym...
Background: Myxosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor that arises from fibroblasts and is characterized by a low frequency of metastases, which in turn are highly invasive locally. Even though this type of tumor is relatively well documented, its radiographic and cytomorphological aspects are rarely described. The present report describes a case of cutaneous myxosarcoma in a female dog, and highlights radiographic, cytological, and histopathological findings. Case: An 11-year-old female mongrel dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Paraíba. The patient exhibited a firm 20 cm-wide mass covered by skin in the left abdominal wall, a lesion that had been developing for approximately five months. During the clinical examination, the patient demonstrated apathy and difficulty to stand. Initially, exams requested included radiography, ultrasonography, and cytological analysis of biopsy material obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Radiography and ultrasonography were used to investigate the extent of the tumor, as well as invasion of other organs. Radiography revealed that the tumor was radiopaque, homogeneous, and restricted to the skin and subcutaneous tissue; no metastases were observed. Cytological examination allowed observation of a hypocellular sample predominantly composed of isolated pleomorphic fusiform cells embedded in a discrete homogeneous eosinophilic material. These cells exhibited a moderate, well delimited cytoplasm with multiple vacuoles; the end opposed to the nucleus was slender. Their nuclei were eccentric, with punctate chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. The patient was subjected to complete surgical excision of the tumor, and the surgical piece was submitted to histopathological examination. The mass was described as single and firm; its dimensions were 20 cm x 16 cm x 15 cm, and its weight was 2.5 kg. Fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or alcian blue (AB) for evaluation by optical microscopy. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative, expansive, non-encapsulated mass characterized by mesenchymal cells ranging from elongated to stellate. These cells were well individualized, had a scant to moderate cytoplasm, indistinct and slightly eosinophilic borders, and a nucleus that varied from oval to stellate in shape, with highly condensed chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. AB-stained specimens exhibited an extensive myxomatous matrix stained in blue, which was intertwined with neoplastic cells. Therefore, the diagnosis of cutaneous myxosarcoma was confirmed. Discussion: The diagnosis of myxosarcoma was established on the basis of radiographic and cytological findings, and it was confirmed by histopathological examination, which sped up decision-making and completion of the case. Tumors of this group are not accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes; however, given the size and weight of the mass under study, pain may have been the triggering factor of the apathy and difficulty to stand observed here. The age of the patient and t...
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