Summary The availability of dietary cadmium in the form of CdCl2 was compared with the availability of cadmium naturally incorporated in the feeding yeast. The effect of feeding yeast on the availability of supplemented CdCl2 was also assessed. Seventy‐two weaned male Wistar rats were used in a randomized complete block design with six littermates per block. Animals within the block were randomly assigned to experimental groups and one animal was assigned to a group euthanized to establish the initial trace element status in the organs. The experimental groups included: 1. control, standard diet (Cd, 0 mg/kg); 2. diet with 10% yeast of low Cd concentration (Cd, 0.3 mg/kg); 3. diet with 10% yeast of high Cd concentration (Cd, 6 mg/kg); 4. diet with 10% yeast of low Cd concentration + CdCl2 (Cd, 6 mg/kg); 5. standard diet + CdCl2 (Cd, 6 mg/kg). Animals had ad libitum access to water and feed for the entire duration of the experiment (8 weeks). Body weight gain and feed consumption were recorded. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and the duodenum, liver, and kidney were sampled. Cadmium concentrations in the tissue samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after dry ashing of the samples. There was an obvious increase of cadmium concentration in the organs of animals that were fed diets with elevated cadmium concentrations (experimental groups 3, 4, 5). Among these groups, no significant differences were found in cadmium concentrations in the liver and kidney. However, cadmium concentrations in the duodenum differed significantly, with the highest cadmium concentration found in animals from group 5 (CdCl2 supplement, no yeast) which suggests a higher availability of dietary cadmium in the form of CdCl2 compared to cadmium incorporated in the feeding yeast. While zinc and copper concentrations in the organs examined remained unaffected by the experimental treatments, dietary cadmium reduced the iron concentrations in the duodenum and liver and this effect seemed to be alleviated by the presence of yeast in the diet. Different dietary treatments also caused differences in the liver concentrations of manganese. Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von organischem und anorganischem Diät‐Cadmium auf die Verfügbarkeit von Cadmium, Zink, Kupfer, Eisen und Mangan bei Ratten Die Verfügbarkeit von Cd aus Nahrungsmitteln, die mit CdCl2 versetzt waren, wurde mit der Verfügbarkeit von natürlich aufgenommenem Cd aus Futtermittelhefe verglichen. Der Einfluß von Futtermittelhefe mit zugesetztem CdCl2 wurde auch untersucht. Zweiundsiebzig entwöhnte Wistar Ratten wurden zufällig durch ein vollständiges Block‐design mit jeweils 6 Würfen pro Block ausgewählt. Tiere innerhalb eines Blocks wurden zufällig den experimentellen Gruppen zugeordnet. Ein Tier wurde getötet, um die Ausgangskonzentrationen der Spurenelemente in den Organen zu bestimmen. Die Versuchsgruppen beinhalten: 1. Kontroll – Standardfutter mit (Cd, 0,0 mg/kg), 2. Futter mit 10% Hefe mit niedriger Cd‐Konzentration Cd (Cd, 0,3 mg/kg); 3. F...
Z. Sova, Hana Pohunkova, Hana Reisnerova, AUbeta SIamova, K. Haisl: Hematological and Histological Response to the Diet Containing Aflatoxin Bl and Zeolite in Broilers of Domestic Fowl. Acta vet. Brno, 60,1991: 31-40: The experiment was performed on twenty nine healthy broilers from the school farm. The birds were divided into four groups: control group I, group II fed with diet to which 5 % of zeolite . kg-I was added, group III fed with diet containing. 5 % of zeolite and 2 . 5 mg of aflatoxin Bl • kg I, and group IV fed with diet with only 2.5 mg of aflatoxin B1 . kg-I. Three or four broilers from each group were killed after five and twelve days of the experiment. Broilers in the group IV showed both serious heterophilia and lymphopenia. In the group III this shift was not so evident. In both groups III and I V features of acute alteration of liver parenchyma charracterized by the activation of Kupffer's cells and by dilatation of bile canaliculi and cholestasis were found. Similar focal changes were revealed also in liver tissue or broilers in the group II after twelve days of experiment. Results obtained suggest not only that the addition of 5 % of zeolite. kg-l to the food does not protect liver tissue' against toxic effects of aflatoxin Bl but also that zeolite itself is not harmless for broilers. Broilers, zeolite, aflatoxin Bu hematology, liver histology
SUMMARY402 subjects with diabetes mellitus have been vaccinated of the total of 34,000 vaccinees immunized during the study period of 9 and half months. Altogether 229 diabetic patients (56.97%) have been vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and 74 (18.4%) against viral hepatitis (41 types A+B, 30 type A, 3 type B). The average age in four most commonly administered vaccines (FSME IMMUN 0.5 ML, Twinrix Adult, Typhim Vi, and Havrix 1440) was 65, 52, 56, and 54 years, respectively. Live attenuated vaccines have been given to 6 patients with diabetes (1.49%) -5 travellers to endemic countries received the yellow fever vaccine Stamaril (1 female, 4 male) and one male patient varicella vaccine Varilrix. Among the least common vaccines in diabetic patients were those against invasive pneumococcal and meningococcal infections. Not a single unexpected side effect has been observed following the vaccination procedure in any diabetic patient.Based on the results of this retrospective study we can conclude that vaccination in diabetic patients is free of any risk -provided that there are no other contraindications, e.g. allergy to vaccine components or severe acute febrile illness. In the case of unstable glycaemia and significantly impaired immune system due to diabetes mellitus, vaccination with live attenuated vaccines should be carefully considered and measured against the risks of exposure to each and every specific infectious agent.There is no reason to be afraid of vaccination in diabetic patients provided that general contraindications are respected. On the contrary, this risk group can benefit from vaccination more remarkably since it may have some life-saving potential.
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