lack immigration to the United States has increased markedly since the post-1965 changes in immigration policy. As of the 2000 census, foreign-born blacks constituted 12% of all first-generation immigrants in the United States and accounted for approximately 6% of the total U.S. black population (Logan and Deane 2003). Although there is some immigration from Africa, the primary source of black immigration to the United States is from the Caribbean nations. Among Afro-Caribbean immigrants, West Indians (defined as those countries originally colonized by the British 1 ) have been of partic-
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