Background<br />The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia continues to increase and causes many complications. Fruits of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (PM) are used in the traditional health system of the Indonesians, as effective remedy in the management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and magnitude of doses of PM dry fruit extract (PME) on blood glucose levels in healthy adults.<br /><br />Methods<br />This research was of pre-posttest design involving 30 healthy volunteer subjects aged 20-55 years receiving glucose loads. At pre-test the subjects were given orally 75 g glucose, and at post-test they were given PME at doses of 125 mg and 250 mg. Data collection included anthropometric examination and blood glucose level. The area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose levels was measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test with p &lt;0.05.<br /><br />Results<br />The percentage of reduction in AUC between pre- and post-test after administration of PME 125 mg was 12.1% and significant (p=0.000). But the percentage of reduction in AUC between pre- and post-test after administration of PME 250 mg was 4.07% and not significant (p=0.06). The reduction in AUC between post-test PME 125 mg vs PME 250 mg showed significant results (p=0.011).<br /><br />Conclusion <br />This study demonstrated that a dose of 125 mg Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. dry extract has a hypoglycemic effect in healthy adults, and may therefore be suitable for use as traditional anti-diabetic drug.

<p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with a large incidence in the world and constitutes a global health problem. By 2030 it is estimated that there will be around 439 million people suffering from DM. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by a lack or absence of the hormone insulin. In type 2 DM pharmacotherapy can be given one of which is insulin. To monitor therapy, random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) levels can be examined. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with random blood glucose in insulin-treated diabetics.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 92 type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin. The study used a questionnaire and blood samples. We measured the GA , HbA1C and random blood glucose levels. A multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Mean HbA1c was 9.21 ± 2.15%, mean glycated albumin was 24.4 ± 8.65%, and mean blood glucose was 229.47 ± 98.7 mg / dL. Multiple linear regression tests showed that HbA1c (B= 5,544;β=0.121;p=0.420) and GA (B=5.899;β=0.517;p=0.001) was signigicantly corelated with random blood gucose, respectively, indicating that glycated albumin is significantly related to and has the greatest influence on glucose level.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>Glycated albumin is correlated with and has greater influence on glucose level than does HbA1c. Glycated albumin could be a better marker for glycemic control than glycated hemoglobin in diabetic patients treated with insulin.</p>

BACKGROUNDVitamin D insufficiency is associated with obesity and central obesity, which is in turn associated with the accumulation of visceral fat. Visceral fat secretes adiponectin which has a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and adiponectin level in adults with central obesity.