Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os recursos forrageados por Polistes versicolor em área de reflorestamento com eucalipto e identificar as presas forrageadas. No período de janeiro a dezembro de 2007, foram realizadas 24 observações da atividade forrageadora de colônias de P. versicolor presentes em um reflorestamento de eucalipto, em Juiz de Fora, MG, totalizando 240 horas de registros. Durante as dez horas de observação diária, foram registrados e qualificados, a cada 30 minutos, os retornos das operárias para a colônia. Foram registrados 1.809 retornos, dos quais 51,63% foram com néctar; 6,85%, com água; 4,7%, com fibra vegetal; 17,41%, com presas; e 19,40%, sem recurso forrageado (improdutivos). As operárias de P. versicolor predaram exclusivamente lagartas de lepidópteros, que foram a única fonte de proteína animal oferecida aos insetos imaturos, na colônia. Dessa forma, a espécie estudada apresenta potencial como agente controlador biológico de herbívoros desfolhadores de eucalipto.Termos para indexação: Eucaliptus urograndis, controle biológico, lepidópteros, vespas sociais. Use of social wasp Polistes versicolor on eucalyptus caterpillar controlAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the resources foraged by Polistes versicolor on an eucalyptus reforestation and to identify preys in the resources foraged. From January to December, 2007, 24 foraging activity observations were done on colonies of P. versicolor in an eucalyptus reforestation, in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, totalizing 240 hours of registrations. During ten hours, the return of the workers to the colony was registered and qualified, every 30 minutes. In this work, 1,809 returns were registered, and 51.63% were with nectar; 6.85%, with water; 4.7%, with vegetable fiber; 17.41%, with preys; and 19.40%, without foraged resource (unproductive). Polistes versicolor workers preys exclusively caterpillars, that were the only animal protein source offered to the immature insects in the colony. Thus, the studied species can be used as a biological controller of eucalyptus defoliating herbivores.
The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
Underground trees are a rare clonal growth form. In this survey we describe the branching pattern and estimate the age of the underground tree Jacaranda decurrens Cham. (Bignoniaceae), an endangered species from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a crown diameter of 22 meters. The mean age calculated for the individual was 3,801 years, making it one of the oldest known living Neotropical plants.
Abstract. The objective of this work was to describe the pattern forage of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) waps, verifying the influence of environmental variables on foraging activity. From January to December of 2007, 24 observations of P. versicolor foraging activity in a eucalypt plantation were accomplished. During 10 hours, the intensity of light, wind speed, air humidity and temperature were registered close to the colony. The P. versicolor foraging activity began at 7:30 a.m. and extended to 6:00 p.m. The average departure of workers per hour was 9.62 ±16.67 (0-84), and arrivals per hour were 9.76 ±18.14 (0-87). The most intense activities of the colonies occurred in the period between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The Spearman´s correlation test revealed that the workers' departures of P. versicolor were stimulated by the increase of light intensity (p< 0.0001) and air temperature p< 0.0001) and the decrease of the humidity (p< 0.0004). The wind speed, however, did not present representative index correlation with the daily activity of the species (p= 0.54). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that air temperature is the most influential on the P. versicolor foraging activity (p< 0.0001). This study demonstrated that the best weather for P. versicolor departure to forage is a sunshine day, hot temperature and low humidity. In tropical areas these days are common in the summer.Keywords: Behavior; Biological Control; Environmental. Qual o Clima Ideal para Vespa Social Polistes versicolor (Olivier) Sair para Forragear?Resumo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o padrão de forrageio de Polistes versicolor (Olivier), analisando a influência das variáveis ambientais no forrageio diário. Entre janeiro a dezembro de 2007, foram realizadas 24 observações de colônias de P. versicolor no município de Juiz de Fora, MG, totalizando 240 horas. Durante 10 horas foram registradas, a cada 30 minutos, a intensidade de luz, velocidade do vento, umidade do ar e a temperatura nas proximidades da colônia. A atividade forrageadora de P. versicolor começou às 7h e se estendeu até às 18h. A média de saída para o forrageio por hora foi de 9,62 ± 16,67 (0-84), e a chegada/hora foi de 9,76± 18,14 (0-87). A atividade foi mais intensa no período compreendido entre 10 e 15h. O teste de correlação de Spearman revelou que as trabalhadoras de P. versicolor foram estimuladas a sair pelo aumento da intensidade da luz (p <0,0001), da temperatura do ar (p < 0,0001) e a diminuição da umidade (p <0,0004). Já a velocidade do vento não apresentou índice significativo com a atividade diária da espécie (p = 0,54). A análise de regressão linear múltipla mostrou que a temperatura do ar é a mais influente sobre a atividade forrageadora de P. versicolor (p < 0,0001). O presente estudo revelou que o melhor clima para as operárias de P. versicolor saírem para forragear é com forte intensidade de luz do sol, temperatura elevada e baixa umidade. Palavras-chave:Comportamento; Controle Biológico; Meio ambiente.
ResumoO presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Aizoaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem como base a análise de coleções depositadas em herbários e coletas de campo, além da consulta a dados de literatura. Foi registrada uma espécies: Sesuvium portulacastrum. São apresentadas descrições, comentários, além de dados sobre hábitat e distribuição geográfica da espécie. Palavras-chave: flora, Sesuvium, sudeste, taxonomia. AbstractThis work aims to contribute to the flora of Aizoaceae from Rio de Janeiro state. It is based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and fieldwork, a s well as on the relevant literature. One species were recorded: Sesuvium portulacastrum. Descriptions and comments, besides data on habitat and geographical distribution of the species are provided.
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