Using statistical data, the dynamics of forest fires in the Volga federal district of the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2020 years is analyzed. The number and area of forest fires were considered as the initial data. At the same time, the total area of forest fire and of burned forests were taken into account separately. It was found that during the period under review, the minimum number of fires was recorded in 2000, and the maximum in 2018. Out of 14 subjects included in the Volga federal district, forest fires in the Republic of Bashkortostan were studied in detail. The dependence of the number of fires by season is established. Using correlation analysis of the statistical data for 2000-2020, the fact of strong dependence between the number of fires in the Volga federal district and forest area covered by fire was established.
Our world and every person require a huge amount of energy, both electric and thermal, which are produced mainly at various types of power plants, but mostly on thermal. During the production of electricity and heat at the thermal power plants different potential hazards are occurring: chemical, environmental, fire or explosion. In accordance with the identified hazards on thermal power plants, possible six emergency situation scenarios are suggested. The failure tree method was used for determining the potential danger of a hot water boiler being one of the elements of thermal power plant. Given the conditional probabilities of events, it is obtained that the failure of the hot water boiler is possible. For reducing the probability of failure and improving the hot water boiler safety – safety barriers (functional and symbolic) are proposed. After the safety barriers are inserted, the probability of a hot water boiler failure in our case is almost incredible. Many people live near thermal power plants, which may have a potential risk of harm to their health. An approach for determining the potential risk indicator of the health harm (R) near thermal power plants is proposed. It is provides the division of risk levels into four classes: extremely high degree of potential hazard – R>0.1; high degree of potential hazard – 0.1>R>0.001; average degree of potential hazard – 10−3>R>10−5; low degree of potential hazard – R>10−5.
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