Fishing communities in South Sulawesi are known as Punggawa-Sawi. Numerous researches have shown that the partnership between punggawa-sawi is considered as an “exploitation”, judging from its profit-sharing system. Purse seine is a Tuna fishing vessel with 5 to 8 sawi and 1 punggawa. The focus of this study is to explain the fisherman’s preference of performing partnership with the punggawa and the values they implement between the work system. There are 8 groups of purse seine fisherman as the sample with a consideration that there were similarities in the pattern of working relationships and fishing activities. This research used qualitative approach and analyzed by descriptive correlation. The results showed that the recruitment of sawi by the punggawa was based on affinity (25%), experience (12,5%), needs for the ship operation (62,5%). The termination of the applicant can be caused by untruthfulness (50%), illness (12,5%), career change (37,5%). The compensation that is originally accepted by the sawi who quits, will be moved to the afflicted ones. The reasons to become sawi is (1) blood relative (20%), assurance of family economic sustainability (65%), and (3). Difficulty to find another job (15%). The profit-sharing system by the retainer is based on 3 reasons, i.e: (1), retainer investment (55%) (2), high risk (30%) and continuing the existing system (20%). Punggawa-sawi fishing communities have strength in the value of social relations that are built on the basis of shared needs (62.5%) and trust (37.5%). The existence of the punggawa-sawi is because of the social security provided to the retainer’s family (87.5%), both in the form of loans and assistance, and the personality of the retainer (12.5%).
Usaha yang tidak mengikuti sirkulasi komoditas nonkapitalis tidak merugikan bagi buruh (proletar) karena pemilik modal (kapitalis) tidak hanya memikirkan untung semata, namun lebih mengikuti sifat kemanusiaannya. Masalahnya adalah ketika punggawa (pemilik modal) mengikuti sirkulasi komoditas kapitalis. Hal ini akan berdampak nyata terhadap sawi (buruh) dimana sawi yang diperas tenaganya dan mendapatkan hasil yang tidak sesuai dengan apa yang mereka usahakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan punggawa-sawi dan mengetahui sistem bagi hasil pada alat tangkap bagan rambo di Kabupaten Barru. Sehingga diketahui apakah punggawa mengikuti sirkulasi komoditas nonkapitalis atau sebaliknya yang dapat merugikan sawi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan metode snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola hubungan punggawa-sawi di Kabupaten Barru merupakan pola hubungan patron-klien. Antar keduanya memiliki hubungan simbiosis mutualisme. Bagi hasil untuk punggawa sebesar 50% dari total bersih hasil tangkapan dan 50% untuk pekerja Bagan rambo. Total hasil bagi dari bagian pekerja yaitu 0,91% untuk satu orang sawi.
The role of aquaculture is vast in efforts to increase the quality and quantity of fishery products and to meet the nutritional food needs of the people of the Maros and South Sulawesi Regencies. Catfish is one of the fisheries commodities that has good prospects for development. This is supported by the characteristics of catfish, which have high nutritional content, fast growth, are easy to breed, and can be maintained in almost all aquaculture containers. This study examines the flow of catfish marketing and analyses the differences in catfish prices in the Marusu Village, Palantikan Village, Maros Baru District, and Maros Regency. The research method was interviews assisted with a questionnaire instrument. The analysis used in this study is descriptive qualitative analysis for marketing channels and farmer's share analysis to measure the efficiency of acceptance of marketing channels for seed and catfish cultivators. The marketing channel for catfish seeds in the Marusu environment consists of 2 channels. Channel 1 starts from cultivators, collectors within the Marusu environment, and outside collectors and ends with cultivators outside the Maros area (consumers), channel 2 starts from cultivators, collectors and cultivators outside the Maros Regency area (consumers). The catfish marketing channel also consists of 2 channels. Channel 1, namely, starts with cultivators, retailers and consumers. Channel 2 is the cultivator directly to the consumer. For catfish fingerlings, farmers in marketing channels 1 and 2 are 75%, respectively. In contrast, the farmer's share in marketing channels 1 and 2 for catfish is 66.67% and 100%.
Writing this scientific paper aims to determine the economic value of the potential waste of crab shells produced by PT. Toba Surimi Industry in Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province. The company has not utilized crab shell waste. In contrast, crab shell waste can provide economic value that provides a lot of additional value. Crab shell waste can be processed into chitosan, which has many functions in various sectors, both in the fisheries, automotive and health industries, and other sectors. Chitosan is produced from the chitin substance contained in crab shells through deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. The economic value that can generate from the utilization of crab shell waste PT. Toba Surimi Industry when processed into chitosan with a crab shell weight of 270 kg/day, which is Rp. 40.500.000/day.
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