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Vitamin C and mannitol were found to be effective in reducing ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the ovary during its early stages, but verapamil was ineffective.

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Background and Purpose:Today no method of topical anesthesia for intravitreal injection administration has been proven to make the patient comfortable yet. We compared the efficacy of topical levobupivacaine 0.75% and proparacaine 0.5% in patients undergoing intravitreal injections.Materials and Methods:A prospective, randomized study comparing two agents for topical anesthesia in intravitreal injections. Ninety-six consecutive patients were enrolled into two groups to receive either topical levobupivacaine 0.75% (n=48) or proparacaine 0.5% (n=48). Patients were asked to score their pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) immediately following the injection. The average of these scores was used as the primary outcome. The surgeon performing the procedure scored his perception of the patients’ pain using the Wong-Baker FACES scale.Results:Mean VAS pain scores for two groups were found to be 44.77 ± 16.42 and 34.18 ± 14.83, respectively. Mean VAS pain score in the proparacaine group was significantly lower than that in the levobupivacaine group (P= 0.003). Mean Wong-Baker FACES scores for the two groups were 1.08 ± 0.49 and 1.10 ± 0.30, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between levobupivacaine and proparacaine groups (P=0.824).Conclusions:Topical proparacaine 0.5% was more effective in preventing pain during intravitreal injections.

Diclofenac sodium and tramadol were found to be safe and effective analgesics with lower side-effects than fentanyl.

Background/aim: This is a feasibility study evaluating whether segmental epidural anesthesia is an alternative anesthetic approach to general anesthesia for percutaneous kyphoplasty. Materials and methods:After ethics committee approval was obtained, 52 ASA class I-III patients scheduled for elective, single-level percutaneous kyphoplasty were recruited. The patients were divided into two equal groups. In Group E (Group Epidural) segmental epidural anesthesia was performed using the loss of resistance technique with saline. In Group G (Group Control) general anesthesia was performed. Hemodynamic parameters, intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and complications were recorded.Results: Hemodynamics were similar between the two groups. Postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly higher in Group G than in Group E (P < 0.004). VAS scores were significantly lower in Group E than in Group G (P < 0.05). Time to first pain experience at the first postoperative 4 h was significantly longer and length of stay in the PACU was significantly shorter in Group E than in Group G (P < 0.001). Conclusion:Segmental epidural anesthesia is a safe anesthetic technique for percutaneous kyphoplasty. This technique offered advantages over general anesthesia in terms of postoperative analgesia, analgesic consumption, early recovery, and short PACU stay. Therefore, it should be considered a suitable anesthetic technique in patients undergoing single level percutaneous kyphoplasty.

Adenosine analogues have been used by subarachnoid injection for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. There are no data on the use of adenosine in peripheral nerve blocks. The aim of the present study was to determine the analgesic efficacy of adenosine in combination with a local anaesthetic solution for brachial plexus (BP) block. With local ethics committee approval, 50 consenting adult patients undergoing upper limb surgery were enrolled in this double-blind, prospective, randomized study. Patients with a history of bronchospastic disease were excluded. Patients were instructed not to take theophylline-containing drugs and beverages for at least one day before surgery or on the first postoperative day. A supraclavicular BP block was performed by injecting a mixture totalling 35 ml made up of prilocaine 1% 10 ml and lignocaine 2% 20 ml with adrenaline 1:200 000, and adenosine 10 mg in 5 ml saline (Group 1) or 5 ml saline (Group 2) as a placebo control group. Postoperative analgesia was assessed by time to first rescue analgesia, analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours, and VAS at rest at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours. Sideeffects were also noted. Vital signs were stable in both groups throughout the operation. There were no significant differences between the groups in onset of motor and sensory block. Time to first pain sensation from block was not significantly longer in the adenosine group (379±336 min) compared with controls (304±249 min, mean±SD, P=0.14). Time to first analgesic requirements and analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours were also similar in both study groups. In the present study, the addition of adenosine to local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block did not significantly extend the duration of analgesia.