Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang terjadi di Indonesia berawal dari penyakit menular kemudian beralih menjadi tidak menular, salah satunya hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrining fitokimia dan hasil uji KLT ekstrak dan fraksi-farksi daun avokad pada tikus jantan yang dibuat model hipertensi dengan induksi NaCl dan prednison. Pengujian ini dilakukan selama 28 hari menggunakan alat Blood Presure Analizer Tail Caff dengan kelompok perlakuan kontrol normal, positif, negatif, ekstrak dosis 75mg/kgbb, 150mg/kgbb, 250mg/kgbb dan fraksi air, etil asetat, n-heksana masing-masing kelompok berisi 5 ekor tikus. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan pada T0 (belum diberi perlakuan), T1, T2, T3 (induksi NaCl dan Prednison), T4 (diberikan dosis ekstrak dan dosis fraksi). Hasil uji skrinning fitokimia positif flavonoid dan uji KLT dimana nilai Rf yang dihasilkan setelah percobaan KLT dengan metode penyinaran UV 254, ekstrak daun alpukat dengan menggunakan baku kuersetin yang dihasilkan Rf 0,75, fraksi air 0,82, n-heksana 0,93, etil asetat 0,82 dari hasil tersebut dapat dibuktikan terjadi penurunan aktivitas tekanan darah. Hasil persentasi penurunan ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksi daun alpukat menunjukkan dosis efektif ekstrak 250mg/kgbb yaitu 5,87/10,96% sig > 0,05 berbeda makna dengan kelompok negatif dan fraksi etil asetat 5.71/14.53%. sig > 0,05 berbeda makna dengan kelompok negatif.Kata kunci: Antihipertensi; daun avokad; diastolik; sistolik; tikus Anti-Hypertension Activity of Avocado (Persea americana Mill) Leaves Extracts and Fractions in Male Rats with Systolic and Diastolic ParametersABSTRACTOne of cardiovascular diseases that occur in Indonesia that start from infectious diseases and then turn into non-infectious diseases is hypertension. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical screening and TLC test results of avocado leaves extract and fractions in hypertension-modeled male rats through induction of NaCl and prednisone. This test was done in 28 days used Blood Pressure Analyzer Tail Caff with normal, positive, negative control treatment groups, extract doses of 75mg/kgbb, 150mg/kgbb, 250mg/kgbb and water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane fractions for each group. Each group contains 5 rats. Blood pressure measurement was done at T0 (untreated), T1, T2, T3 (induction of NaCl and Prednisone), T4 (given extract dose and fraction dose). The results of phytochemical screening test were positive for flavonoids and the TLC test, where the Rf value produced for avocado leaves extract after TLC test with UV 254 irradiation method, using quercetin standard produced was 0.75, water fraction was 0.82, n-hexane was 0.93, ethyl acetate was 0.82. These results then proved with decrease in blood pressure activity. The results of decreases in percentage of avocado leaves extract and fractions showed that the effective dose of extract 250mg/kgBW was 5.87/10,96% sig > 0.05, which was significantly different from negative group and ethyl acetate fraction was 5.71/14.53%. sig > 0.05 significantly different with negative group.Keywords: Antihypertensive; avocado leaves; diastolic; rat; systolic
Kolesterol merupakan unsur penting yang diperlukan tubuh, namun jika kadarnya tinggi dapat memicu penyakit hiperkolesterolemia. Kolesterol yang berlebih dapat diobati secara tradisional dengan kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil identifikasi gugus fungsi senyawa kuersetin dari hasil KLTP kulit jeruk nipis menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR, mengetahui konsentrasi optimal dan mengetahui adanya perbedaan aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol antara fraksi etil asetat dan senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP kulit jeruk nipis secara in vitro. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah remaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak kental difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Uji kualitatif meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji KLT. Pemisahan senyawa kuersetin dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Preparatif (KLTP). Analisis kualitatif gugus fungsi senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Analisis kuantitatif aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan metode Zak. Dibuat deret konsentrasi 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, dan 400 ppm dengan panjang gelombang 481,2 nm. Hasil analisis spektrum FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi O-H, C=O, C=C aromatik, C-O, C-O-C dan C-H aromatik yang sesuai dengan struktur kuersetin. Konsentrasi optimal pada fraksi etil asetat dan senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP yaitu 300 ppm dengan menghasilkan rata-rata penurunan sebesar 53,70% dan 68,14%. Pada uji statistika memiliki nilai signifikasi 0,000<0,05 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol antara fraksi etil asetat dan senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP kulit jeruk nipis secara in vitro. ABSTRACT Cholesterol is an important element that the body needs, but in high levels, cholesterol can trigger hypercholesterolemia. Excess cholesterol can be treated traditionally with lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). The purpose of this study is to determine the result of identification of functional groups of quercetin compounds from lime peel PTLC results using FTIR spectrophotometer, determine the optimal concentration and determine differences in cholesterol lowering activity between the ethyl acetate fraction and quercetin compounds from lime peel PTLC results in vitro. Remaceration with 70% ethanol as a solvent was used as the extraction method. The viscous extract was fractionated with ethyl acetate. Qualitative test were using phytochemical screening and TLC test. Quercetin compound was separated by the Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) method. Qualitative analysis of functional groups of quercetin compounds from PTLC was using FTIR spectrophotometer. Quantitative analysis of cholesterol lowering activity using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with Zak method. Concentration series of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 ppm were made with a wavelength of 481,2 nm. The result of the FTIR spectrum analysis showed the presence of functional groups O-H, C=O, C=C aromatics, C-O, C-O-C and C-H aromatics that matched the structure of quercetin. The optimal concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction and quercetin compound from PTLC results was 300 ppm with an average decrease of 53,70% and 68,14% respectively. The statistical test has a significance values of 0,000 < 0,05 indicating that there is a difference in cholesterol level reduction activity between the ethyl acetate fraction and the quercetin compound from lime peel PTLC results in vitro.
Turmeric leaves (Curcuma longa L.) contain secondary metabolites, one of which is a phenolic compound. The choice of solvent is important in the extraction process, ethanol is chosen because it can attract compounds that are soluble in non-polar to polar solvents. The ethanol concentrations in this study were 60, 70, 80, and 96% with the extraction method used was maceration. The screening test obtained positive results for phenolic content. This is indicated by the appearance of a fluorescent blue-black stain on the plate after being sprayed with FeCl3 reagent. TLC test obtained comparison Rf value (gallic acid) is 0.53. Rf values for ethanol concentrations of 60, 70, 80, 90 and 96% were 0.53; 0.55; 0.57; 0.60; 0.60. The method used to determine the total phenolic content is folin-ciaocalteu. Analysis with visible spectrophotometry obtained the average total phenolic content of ethanol extract concentrations of 60, 70, 80, 90 and 96%, respectively 1.078; 1.796; 1.964; 1.842; and 1.787 GAE mg/g extract. The results of statistical tests obtained data that are normally distributed but not homogeneous, there are significant differences at concentrations of 60, 80, and 96%. The conclusion was that the highest phenolic content was in the ethanol extract of turmeric leaf with a concentration of 80%, there was an effect of ethanol concentration on the total phenolic content of the turmeric leaf ethanol extract, and there were differences in the total phenolic content at each concentration of ethanol used.Keywords :Turmeric Leaves (Curcuma longa L.), Total Phenolic Level, Ethanol Concentration, Visible Spectrophotometry
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