<p>This research aimed to determine the yield of ethyl cinnamate synthesized by the sonochemical method and its potency as a sunscreen agent. Ethyl cinnamate was synthesized from cinnamic acid and ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid as catalysts assisted by ultrasonic waves. The Identification of compounds was carried out by infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Synthesis of ethyl cinnamate resulted in the form of clear yellow liquid with a fragrant aroma of a cinnamon ester with a 96.61% yield. Identification by an infrared spectrophotometer showed many functional groups of ethyl cinnamate. Identification by GC-MS was given a relative abundance of 98.96%. The product of synthesis had SPF number 4.769 at 10 ppm used Mansur Equation. Based on this research, it concluded that it has potential as a sunscreen agent. The sonochemical method provides an excellent yield of ethyl cinnamate.</p>
<p class="Standard"><span>This study aimed to synthesize p-methoxy cinnamic acid through the Perkin reaction and to determine its activity as a photoprotective and antifungal agent against Candida albicans. The PMCA compound was synthesized by reacting p-methoxy benzaldehyde with acetic anhydride using a sodium acetate catalyst in a sonicator at 50oC for 60 minutes. The synthesized was a white precipitate with a % yield of 2.09% and a melting point of 172-175<sup>o</sup>C. ATR-FTIR identified this compound with several functional groups, C=O, OH carboxylic acid, para-substituted benzene, and C=C. Analysis by GC-MS showed a single peak at a retention time of 11.710 minutes with m/z 178. Characterization of this compound by 1H-NMR spectrometry showed several chemical shifts showing the presence of OH groups of carboxylic acids, C=C groups, aromatic benzene groups, and methoxy. The results of this characterization indicated that the synthesis product was PMCA. The antioxidant activity of PMCA using the DPPH radical gave IC50 at a concentration of 352.6138 ppm. In vitro sunscreen activity against PMCA compounds provided high protection at a concentration of 30 ppm with SPF 32,505. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans showed inhibition zones of 0.257cm± 0.044, 1.397cm± 0.093, and 1.533cm± 0.111, respectively at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The PMCA compounds can be synthesized through the Perkin reaction assisted by ultrasonic waves and can potentially be photoprotective and antifungal agents.</span></p>
Cosmetic foundation is a type of decorative makeup and commonly include a sunscreen agent. Ethyl cinnamate is one of the potential organic essential oil sunscreens. Nevertheless, there is little study on ethyl cinnamate usage in cosmetics, particularly oil-in-water foundation cream. Using an emulsifier in oil-in-water foundation cream a higher concentration does not guarantee higher oil phase recovery. However, using two combinations of emulsifier such as polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleate 80 with the optimum combination can be the right solution. This study aims to optimize polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleate 80 in a cream foundation using ethyl cinnamate as an active ingredient designed to have an effective ability to protect facial skin from ultraviolet radiation and are safe to use. The optimization formulas design of the emulsifier combination in foundation cream was made using the Simplex Lattice Design method with help Design Expert version 10.0.1. Parameter optimization were the value of pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. The stability test and skin irritation test of optimum formula were also conducted. As a positive control, Revlon Colorstay Foundation as a brand cosmetic foundation was used (National Food and Drug Agency of Indonesia number : NA18140300519). The optimum ratio of polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleat 80 were 9.565 and 1.435 with the physical characteristics of pH 6.478+0.008; viscosity 5844.2+31.82 cPs; spreadability 6.16+0.11 cm; adhesion 3.346+0.14 seconds; SPF Value 22.385+0.48, and no irritation symptoms. The ethyl cinnamate foundation created was physically stable, had a pleasing look, and did not irritate the skin, making it safe to wear. It also provides efficient UV radiation protection.
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