The consumption of non-alcoholic beer appears to enhance the antioxidant capacity of breastmilk and decrease oxidative damage in breastfeeding mothers.

Oxidative stress increases in obese children according to the severity of IR, which could be linked to the development of comorbidities.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cystatin C (CysC), cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs), and body composition in severely obese children. We evaluated 117 children aged 7-14 years old. Seventy-nine of these were severely obese (body mass index z-score ranging from 2.1 to 8.4), and 38 were children with normal nutrition state. CysC was determined by immunonephelometry. CMRFs (glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured by standard biochemical methods. Blood pressure was evaluated at the clinical examination. Renal function was estimated using the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based upon creatinine levels, and body weight (Léger formula). Body composition was assessed by segmental bioelectrical impedance. Obese children at the highest tertile of CysC values were characterized by their aggregation of CMRFs. CysC concentration was associated with insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, and homocysteine after adjusting for age, gender, and eGFR. CysC values were also correlated with the fat-free mass and specifically with skeletal muscle mass. CysC levels were correlated with CMRFs factors independently of renal function, and affected by skeletal muscle mass in severely obese children, although they are less influenced by this than is creatinine.

Human milk is recognized as the ideal food for the human infant. It contains numerous components that protect the infant from infection and, presumably, diseases in adulthood. Some of the benefits of breastfeeding, such as specific defense mechanisms needed by the infant, have been recently attributed to this antioxidant content. Colostrum offers the most critical protection because the newborn presents an immaturity of the defense systems.The aim of the present study was to test whether diet of the mothers influence the antioxidant properties of their breast milk. To obtain general information regarding oxidative stress, we measured the antioxidant capacity in breast milk. Total antioxidant capacity is a measure of all of the antioxidants present in the biological fluid considered (in this case, breast milk), and it includes vitamins, enzymatic radical scavenger systems and yet unknown antioxidants.Fifty four postpartum mothers were included in the study. The inclusion criteria for participants were: mothers without any acute or chronic illness, who were not receiving medications or vitamin supplements, who were non-smokers and did not abuse substances. The women were asked to complete a 3-day dietary record of all the food and beverages consumed (including one Sunday) and a 24-hour recall with composition and portion sizes. Energy and macro and micronutrient intake, were calculated using the validated software Food and Health 0698.046 (BiatASDE General Médica Farmacéutica, Valencia, Spain). Total antioxidant capacity of the mothers' milk was measured using the 2,2 0 -azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay (Miller y Rice Evans,1997), modified by Pellegrini (1) . Statistical analysis was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient between antioxidant capacity of colostrum and macro and micronutrient intake. We have found a positive correlation between the colostrum antioxidant capacity and the intake of micronutrients: vitamin A (r = 0.348, P = 0.032), Folic acid (r = 0.381, P = 0.001) and copper (r = 0.493, P = 0.001). No correlation was found between colostrum antioxidant capacity and macronutrient intake or energy intake.Maternal diet, mainly in its micronutrient content, is a factor fundamental to assure antioxidant capacity of breast milk that can be protective to the infant.