INTRODUCTION: Mansonelliasis is caused by Mansonella ozzardi. It is widespread in the Amazon region, with a high prevalence. The common exam of thick blood smears stained with Giemsa shows low efficacy levels and has been an obstacle to diagnosing individuals with low blood parasitemia. METHODS: In order to increase diagnosis efficacy, the PCR technique was improved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: PCR demonstrated the best performance, with sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPV) of 100%, followed by blood filtration through membrane filters, which showed a sensitivity of 88.9% and a NPV of 84.6%, when compared to thick blood smears.
RESUMOIntrodução: A dengue é uma das doenças infecciosas mais frequentes no Brasil e um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, com 2,5 a 3 bilhões de pessoas expostas ao risco de serem infectadas atualmente. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar as características epidemiológicas dos indivíduos acometidos por dengue, sua prevalência e seu processo epidêmico na região ABSTRACT Introduction:Dengue is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in Brazil and is a major public health problem worldwide. It is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with 2.5 to 3 billion people at risk of becoming infected. Thus, this study sought to demonstrate the epidemiological characteristics of individuals affected by dengue, its prevalence and its epidemic process in the Middle Solimões region of Coari in the state of Amazonas between 2008 and 2009. Methods: Epidemiological data were obtained through epidemiological monitoring by the Municipal Health Facility of the city of Coari, AM. The variables analyzed were the month of notification, the number of confirmed cases, the cases' genders, the cases' ages and their neighborhoods of residence. Results: In total, 1,003 cases were reported (635 in 2008 and 368 in 2009), and 639 cases were diagnosed as positive. Of these, +54% involved female subjects, and +46% were male. The majority of the affected individuals were between 10 and 49 years of age, and the spatial distribution was concentrated in neighborhoods near streams, lakes and areas in which housing had recently been disrupted. Conclusions: We concluded that, during the period studied, there was an outbreak of dengue in the City of Coari, AM. However, it is possible that a dengue epidemic may have occurred earlier in Coari without proper diagnosis or follow-up and that previously infected individuals may have traveled to the capital of Amazonas (Manaus), where the virus has circulated since 1998. Keywords: Dengue. Epidemic outbreak. Coari. Amazonas.A dengue é uma das doenças infecciosas mais frequentes no Brasil e um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Apresenta quadro clínico de início repentino e amplo, variando desde formas oligossintomáticas (infecção inaparente) e sintomáticas (dengue clássica) até quadros graves com hemorragias (febre hemorrágica da dengue -FHD) e choque (síndrome do choque da dengue -SCD) 1 . Etiologicamente, seu agente causador é um vírus pertencente à família flaviviridae com genoma RNA e quatro sorotipos conhecidos (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 e DEN-4) 2 . Sua transmissão é feita pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti, principal vetor, que em geral utiliza recipientes artificiais para proliferação vetorial, tornando essa espécie predominantemente urbana 3 .
Since around 1723, on the occasion of its initial colonization by Europeans, Rondonia has received successive waves of immigrants. This has been further swelled by individuals from northeastern Brazil, who began entering at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ethnic composition varies across the state according to the various sites of settlement of each wave of immigrants. We analyzed the frequency of the CCR5Δ32 allele of the CCR5 chemokine receptor, which is considered a Caucasian marker, in five sample sets from the population. Four were collected in Porto Velho, the state capital and the site of several waves of migration. Of these, two, from the Hospital de Base were comprised of HB Mothers and HB Newborns presenting allele frequencies of 3.5% and 3.1%, respectively, a third from the peri-urban neighborhoods of Candelária/Bate-Estaca (1.8%), whereas a fourth, from the Research Center on Tropical Medicine/CEPEM (0.6%), was composed of malaria patients under treament. The fifth sample (3.4%) came from the inland Quilombola village of Pedras Negras. Two homozygous individuals (CCR5Δ32/CCR5Δ32) were detected among the HB Mother samples. The frequency of this allele was heterogeneous and higher where the European inflow was more pronounced. The presence of the allele in Pedras Negras revealed European miscegenation in a community largely comprising Quilombolas.
A espécie Croton lechleri é usada com finalidades medicinais desde a antiguidade como propenso fitoterápico de ação antimicrobiana. O estudo visa observar a ação antibacteriana do extrato da C. lechleri. Para avaliar a concentração viável dos ensaios farmacológicos foi realizado teste de hemólise (hematócrito de 10%) a partir do extrato bruto (EB) diluído à 1 mg/mL e submetido a diluição seriada 1:2 até a concentração de 125 µg/mL. As cepas bacterianas, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, MRSA, E. coli e E. faecalis, foram inoculadas em caldo LB e semeadas em meio Ágar cromogênico. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato da C. lechleri foi avaliada pelo ensaio de difusão em ágar com concentrações de 300, 150, 75 e 37,5 mg/mL e no teste da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) foram utilizadas concentrações (75 a 0,58 mg/mL). O teste de hemólise demonstrou que o extrato não apresenta toxicidade hemolítica. As cepas bacterianas P. aeruginosa e K. pneumoniae não mostraram inibição em relação às concentrações do extrato. As cepas S. aureus, MRSA e E. faecalis, formaram halos de inibição >10 mm, a cepa E. coli não apresentou halo de inibição apenas na menor concentração. A análise da CIM demonstrou que dentre as cepas estudadas a E. faecalis apresenta maior sensibilidade ao extrato, apresentando uma concentração inibitória 50% menor que nas demais cepas sensíveis ao fármaco. Desta forma, sugere-se que o látex de C. lechleri possui um potencial como agente antimicrobiano.
The expansion of organizations demands more and more information as an input to acquire greater control of activities, and for the treatment of this data. The information technology scenario has a growing and sharp curve, especially in the scope of big data, requiring attributes for analysis and compilation of the data obtained, thus ensuring the provision of information in a timely manner for more accurate and assertive decisions about the future of organizations. Thus, the present study seeks to show how the implementation of a Business Intelligence tool impacts on collective indicators of continuity of electricity supply. Energy is one of the main inputs for organizations and for everyone who depends on it. Its availability allows a guarantee of the continuity of socio-economic development. Therefore, the objective of this was to carry out descriptive research with a quali-quantitative approach through an applied study, having as locus an electric energy distribution concessionaire, approaching the scenarios before and after the implementation of the tool, making it possible to highlight the improvements in the organization through Business Intelligence. It also has an approach regarding the aid in the decision-making process through this tool, and consequently its contribution to the process of continuous improvement.
Hemoglobin profile studies have been carried out in four samples from different districts of Porto Velho (Rondônia State) in the western Amazonian region of Brazil: Candelária, Bate Estaca, Hemeron (at the State Blood Bank), and São Carlos. Samples from 337 unrelated individuals were collected during medical and paramedical team visits by professionals from the Instituto de Pesquisa em Patologia Tropical and the Centro de Pesquisa em Patologias Tropicais (both research institutes in tropical diseases). The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of alleles in the hemoglobin system, mainly alleles HB*A, *S, and *E. The overall phenotype frequencies were HB A,S = 0.025, HB A,E = 0.006, and HB A,A = 0.969. Samples from the blood bank subjects and samples from the homogeneous areas of São Carlos and Candelária plus Bate Estaca have a chi-square of heterogeneity of 6.383 (p = 0.041) and 8.406 (p = 0.015), respectively. The allele frequencies (HB*A = 0.984, HB*S = 0.012, and HB*E = 0.003) do not significantly differ from frequencies found in other Brazilian regions.
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