The Underground Press Syndicate (UPS), later known as Alternative Press Syndicate (APS), was a chain of countercultural newspapers and magazines created in the middle of 1966 by publishers of five early underground newspapers «The East Village Other», «The Los Angeles Free Press», «The Berkeley Barb», «The Paper» and «Fifth Estate». By 1974 the majority of underground papers in the USA ceased to exist but they had an impact on journalistic processes during 1970-s that led to the press development in small towns and countryside giving alternative opinion about local news, cultural news, Native Americans’ politics, ecology, youth and anti-military movements. The article considers the history of “underground press” in the USA, its role and importance for Countercultural Revolution of the 1960-s, which was countrywide in the USA and covered all areas of life.
The paper analyzes the modern aspects of “soft power” in modern international relations using the example of the festival student movement, which celebrated its 70th anniversary in 2017 in Sochi. Youth policy is an integral part of public policy both domestically and abroad. Soft power institutions are seen as integral tools of modern international politics. In the XX century, a special form of youth participation, or youth festivals, was formed. The paper uncovers the way of thinking, technique and substance of the World Festivals of Youth and Students, just as the highlights of their projects. Right up 'til the present time, work at celebrations assumes a significant part in accomplishing worldwide compassionate objectives, specifically, guaranteeing quiet life on our planet and the foundation of fair qualities. The fundamental way of thinking of the celebration is the standards of harmony, kinship of people groups, global solidarity, against radical and hostile to industrialist battle. The flame of the festival did not die out during the establishment of a unipolar world after the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and today is a symbol of the hope for a just and peaceful life on Earth. The 19th WFYS, which took place in 2017 on the Black Sea coast in the city of Sochi, was another example of the successful work of the World Federation of Democratic Youth on the dissemination of universal values and progressive ideas.
Artículo de investigación Ideological and theoretical evolution of the «new left» in the journal «new left review» (1960-2015) Evolución ideológica y teórica de la «nueva izquierda» en la revista «nueva revisión a la
International immigration with different reasons such as education and citizenship is by no means a new phenomenon in the modern global world. Nevertheless, intense immigration was sparked and had serious implications, especially for European countries like France after the year 2010, which marked the start of the revolution in Tunisia and the birth of such a phenomenon as the Arab spring.
Today we are witnessing how various US intelligence agencies are engaged in espionage activities around the world. However, US citizens have been subjected to the most sophisticated methods of persecution in history. Using the example of the FBI's COINTELPRO program (carried out from 1956 to 1971), directed against activists of the African-American civil rights movement, the article examines the FBI's activities to protect the socio-political foundations of American society, which cannot be called anything but segregational and racist. The author showed how the US government influenced key figures of the civil rights movement in the USA, such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and activists of the Black Panthers party through the FBI COINTELPRO program. The consequences of the program are considered, including restrictions on civil liberties, trust in the government and institutional violation of the rights of African Americans. The relationship between the latter phenomenon and earlier phenomena of discrimination against the rights of the "Colored People" of the United States, such as abolitionism and segregation, is carried out. The article analyzes the impact of the FBI's COINTELPRO program on modern times, including its reflection on modern legal norms, counterintelligence measures and public opinion about government surveillance. The study of the FBI's COINTELPRO program is important for understanding the complex relationship between government and civil society.
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