Paracetamol (PC) is widely used for defensive and medicinal purposes for human beings. But their deposition in the human body will persuade thoughtful health risks. So, the enhancement of sensitive and selective techniques for the easy and fast detection of PC is extremely fundamental. Multilayered electroactive polyaniline-ZnO nanocomposite (NC) film was developed for PC detection which was based on the oxidation of PC with polyaniline doped zinc oxide on a glassy carbon electrode (PANI/ZnO/GCE). PANI and PANI/ZnO NCs were fabricated by both electrochemical and in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization methods. The morphology of PANI/ZnO shows that the polymer was distributed on the surface of ZnO, and the XRD pattern confirms that the average size calculated was 7.48 nm for PANI/ZnO. From UV-Vis measurements, the PANI/ZnO composite shows a redshift relative to PANI and ZnO. Moreover, FT-IR spectra show that chemical bonds and stretching are assigned to different peaks. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the fabricated PANI/ZnO/GCE electrochemical sensor displays good analytical performance for PC with detection limits of 4 × 10−8 M and a sensitivity of 2.571 mA/1 × 10−8 M with a linear concentration of PC within the range of 1.0 to 7.0 × 10−8 M.

Present study discusses the removal of heavy metal contaminants from an aqueous solution using orthophosphoric acid activated pumpkin seed shells derived activated carbon (PSS-AC). The activation was done by heating the mixture in an electrical furnace at 800 °C for 3 h. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial Cu (II) and Cd (II) ion concentrations, adsorbent dosage and temperature of the solution for the metal ion removal. The equilibrium and kinetic studies data were fitted better for the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order model respectively. Thermodynamic parameter obtained for Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions adsorption suggests the reaction to be non-spontaneous, feasible; and endothermic between temperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C.

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