Frontal Electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry during emotion-eliciting tasks has been underexplored, and the current study considered changes in infant frontal asymmetry during positive and negative emotion-eliciting tasks relative to baseline, consistent with the capability model. Importantly, variability in parent-child interaction factors related to task-related EEG asymmetry changes was examined. Healthy infants participated in the Peek-a-boo component of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery and the Repeated Still Face, with EEG data collected simultaneously. Asymmetry changes from baseline to Peek-a-boo and the second Still Face administration were considered with respect to parent-child interaction dynamics, coded utilizing an established scheme. ANCOVAs were conducted, with age and child sex as covariates, parent-child interaction factors as dependent variables, and Peek-a-boo/Repeated Still Face asymmetry changes from baseline as independent variables, dichotomized as either positive or negative in direction (i.e., associated with either a shift toward relative left or right frontal activation). Results indicated that groups based on changes in frontal EEG asymmetry from baseline to Still Face were associated with significantly different levels of reciprocity/synchrony, intensity, and directedness in mother-infant play exchanges. Results highlight the importance of understanding task-related EEG activation and links with parent-child interactions, providing further support for the capability model.| 497 GARTSTEIN ET Al. How to cite this article: Gartstein MA, Warwick H, Campagna AX. Electroencephalogram frontal asymmetry changes during emotion-eliciting tasks and parent-child interaction dynamics. Social
Rational Smoking typically begins during adolescence or early adulthood in a social context, yet the role of social context in animal models is poorly understood. Objectives The present study examined the effect of social context on acquisition of nicotine self-administration. Methods Sixty day-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to press a lever for nicotine (0.015 mg/kg, IV) or saline infusions (males only) on a fixed-ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement across 9 sessions in duplex chambers that were conjoined with either a solid wall or a wall containing wire mesh creating a social context between rat dyads (social visual, auditory, and olfactory cues). In a subsequent experiment, sex differences and dose-dependent effects of nicotine [0 (saline), 0.015 or 0.03 mg/kg, IV] were directly compared in rats trained in the isolated or social context on a schedule progressing from FR1 to FR3. These rats were given 20 sessions followed by 3 extinction sessions. Results We consistently found transient social facilitation of low dose nicotine self-administration in males during the first session. However, across training overall we found social suppression of nicotine intake that was most prominent in females during later sessions. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that at the age of transition from adolescence to adulthood, a social context enhances the initial reinforcing effects of nicotine in males, but protects against nicotine intake during later sessions especially in females. These findings highlight the importance of sex and social context in studying neural mechanisms involved in initiation of nicotine use.
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The present study examined frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry and negative affectivity (NA) as predictors of infant behaviors during the Still‐Face Paradigm (SFP). It was hypothesized that infants with lower NA subscale scores who also demonstrate greater left frontal activation would exhibit more frequent social engagement and self‐soothing behaviors during the SFP. Mothers reported infant temperament at 6–12 months of age (N = 62), and EEG was recorded during a baseline task and the SFP. Social engagement, distress, and self‐soothing behaviors were coded during the SFP. A three‐factor solution emerged based on exploratory factor analysis of eight infant behaviors. After considering bivariate relations, multiple regression analyses predicting the behavior factor labeled social engagement (containing vocalizations and handwaving; average factor loading = .56) were conducted separately for asymmetry and NA subscales, controlling for infant sex and age. The SFP asymmetry predicted social engagement after controlling for covariates and baseline asymmetry; however, NA subscales (falling reactivity and distress to limitations) did not uniquely explain significant variance. These findings highlight the importance of frontal EEG asymmetry in contributing to emerging social engagement and regulation in infancy. Implications include potentially utilizing asymmetry markers as screening and intervention targets in the first year of life.
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