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À minha orientadora Prof. Dr a. Liliana Alcazar por todos estes anos apoio, paciência e dedicação que eu nunca vou esquecer. Ao meu co-orientador Prof. Dr. Renato Luiz Prado, pelo incentivo, ajuda e por toda a paciência com as minhas dúvidas sobre Delft. Thanks to Prof. Dr. Evert Slob for having received me in Delft and for the valuable suggestions during the time I spent under his guidance. Ao Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Mendonça pelas avaliações e observações feitas em meus relatórios durante meu doutorado. Ao Dr. Oleg Bokhonok por toda ajuda nos trabalhos de campo, sugestões, amizade e por saber o momento certo de se espantar as vacas. Ao Prof. Dr. Marcelo Souza de Assumpção pelos questionamentos e sugestões valiosas. Ao Prof. Dr. Prof. Jorge Luís Porsani coordenador do projeto da CNPq (406653/2013-5). Às secretárias Teca e Virgínia do Departamento de Geofísica. Aos técnicos Marcelo, Ernande e Zanon. Ao amigo Julian David Realpe por ter ajudado no trabalho de campo e ter emprestado a churrasqueira. À minha mãe e aos meus queridos amigos Luciana , Fábio, Márcia e Érica simplesmente por existirem. À Sylvia Tamie por ter me apresentado a banda Móveis Coloniais de Acaju. Se algum dia ler este texto eu gostaria que soubesse que desejo que mesmo em tempos difíceis nunca desista dos seus sonhos. Agradeço a CNPq pela bolsa de pesquisa processo (161498/2012-4). De um modo geral agradeço a todos que ajudaram de alguma forma para a realização desta tese de doutorado.
In this work a correction to the phase shift observed in wavelets of reflections over the critical angle is evaluated. To measure the correct phase shift two different methods, rotation by maximization of the kurtosis and measurement of the instantaneous phase at the position of maximum value of the envelope, were tested. The objectives of this study was allow the usage of longer offset ranges, improving stacking, and also making possible to measure the phase correction that needs to be applied to each trace. The results of application of the two different methods were tested over synthetic and real data. In synthetic data it was possible to compare the phase that generated the data and improvements were observed in the stacking of the rotated data. And in real data an improvement of the interpretability of the section was observed.
In this work we evaluate different strategies for the model update inside a FWI algorithm. It is know that the S wave velocity parameter is the one with greater sensitivity in a data covered by surface waves. The studied strategies, however, attempt to recover the P wave velocity and the density models in different ways. We compared the pure optimization through a conjugate gradient algorithm with the direct calculation assuming a constant Poisson ratio and by Gardner equation. The results show good performance of the both methodologies in simple 1D models. More research is necessary in more complex situations.
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