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One-hundred-ten samples of onion (Allium cepa Hysam) from 11 Danish sites (10 onions from each site) uncontaminated by human activities other than normal agricultural practices were collected and analyzed for 63 major and trace elements using a newly developed high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. Sample handling, sample preparation, and analysis of the samples were performed under carefully controlled contamination-free conditions. Mean concentrations of the elements (micrograms per kilogram of fresh weight) were compared with those reported previously from other surveys. The results provide useful biological and nutritional information on onions. Keywords: Onion (Allium cepa Hysam); HR-ICP-MS; major elements; trace elements; multielemental analysis

The multi-element levels (µg kg -1 , fresh weight) in cabbages (Brassica oleracae L. var. capitata, Scandic) and sprouts (Brassica oleracae L. var. Gemmifera, Explorer) are presented in this paper. The cabbages and sprouts were collected from 10 background areas for each crop, on Funen, in North Jutland, Central Jutland, South East Jutland, and North Zealand, Denmark. The crops were cultivated with intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides. High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICPMS) was used for analyses of the samples. Mean concentrations of the elements were compared with those reported previously from different other surveys. For the alkaline metals [lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb), and cesium (Cs)], Li showed a higher concentration in cabbage than in sprouts. For Rb 1 Present address: Miljø-og levnedsmiddel Centret, and Cs the pattern was opposite. For the earth alkaline metals [magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba)], the Mg concentration level was higher in sprouts than in cabbage, and Sr and Ba showed the opposite pattern. The concentrations of boron (B), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te), were higher in sprouts than in cabbage, except for Te, in which the concentrai ion in cabbage was greater than in sprouts. Actinides [thorium (Th) and uranium (U)] and lanthanides [lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu)] showed the pattern with higher concentration in cabbage than in sprouts. Cabbage and sprout gave the pattern lead (Pb) greater than cadmium (Cd) and Cd greater than Pb, respectively, showing that cabbage is a stronger Pb uptaker than sprout and sprout stronger Cd uptaker than cabbage. The results provide useful biological, nutritional and background level information on these crops.

Abstract--Retention studies of the cobalt-goethite system were carried out using synthetic, star-shaped and lath-shaped pure, AI-, Cd-, Cu-and Si-associated goethites. Aluminium and Si are commonly occurring foreign elements in natural goethites. The goethites were prepared by coprecipitating Fe and the foreign element under controlled conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area determination and 2 M HC1 extraction. The foreign-element associated goethites contained ~3, ~5 and ~9 mole % A1, ~4 mole % Cd and ~3 mole % Cu incorporated by isomorphous substitution but only ~0.4 mole % of probably occluded Si. Crystal size and shape but also number of defects and domains, and hence specific surface area, unit-cell dimensions and reactivity towards 2 M HC1, exhibited great variability among the goethites. Accordingly the amounts of Co sorbed from initially 10 -7 M Co in 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 in relation to pH (3-8) and reaction time (2-504 h) were very different for the eight gnethites. The affinity of Co is highest for Cd-and lowest for Cu-gnethite. These samples also form the extremes regarding time-dependent sorption with Cu-goethite showing the smallest and Cd-goethite the largest increase in sorption with increasing reaction time. The Co uptake was not caused by precipitation Co(III) oxides due to Co(II) oxidation, since oxygen exclusion during sorption had no effect on the amount of Co sorbed. The amounts of sorbed Co extracted by 2 M HC1 decreased with increasing sorption time but 40--87% of sorbed Co remained unextracted after 48 h, most in Cu-goethite and least in lath-shaped pure goethite. The strong retention suggests Co uptake by diffusion into micropores and fissures resulting from structural defects and intergrowths. The diffusion coefficients range from 3.10-19 to 6.10 -17 cm2/s with the highest values for A1-and Si-associated gnethites emphasizing the importance for Co immobilization, and hence availability, of foreign-element associations in goethite.

The multi-element (Ag, Al, Au, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ho, In, Ir, La, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, and Zn) concentrations (microg/kg, fresh weight) in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum, Folva) were investigated in this study. The potatoes were grown in two fertilization practices; one with pig slurry and one with calcium ammonium nitrate at three levels of N fertilization (0, 60, and 120 kg of N/ha). The experiment field was located at the Riso National Laboratory Agronomy Farms in Roskilde, Denmark. High-resolution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICPMS) was used for analyses of the samples. The effect of three levels of N fertilization on elemental concentrations of the crop are evaluated by use of discriminant partial least-squares regression (PLS). The results provide useful biological and nutritional information on potatoes.

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