Objectives: To investigate 4 loci of 3 HSP70 genes in caustic soda production plant former workers, who have been exposed to metallic mercury vapors for a long time, and including numerous cases of chronic mercury intoxication (CMI). Material and Methods: Polymorphisms in HSP70 gene family members (HSP1A1 (+190G/C, rs1043618), HSPA1B (+1267A/G and +2074G/C, rs1061581) and HSP1AL (+2437T/C, rs2227956)) genes were studied among 120 male workers involved in caustic soda production by mercury electrolysis at 2 plants in Eastern Siberia. These subjects had been chronically exposed to metallic mercury vapors for > 5 years and divided into 3 groups based on the occurrence and time of the CMI diagnosis, or absence of this disease. The Group 1 consisted of individuals (N = 46), who had had contact with mercury but were not diagnosed with the CMI. The Group 2 included workers (N = 56), who were diagnosed with the CMI longer than 14 years ago. The Group 3 consisted of the subjects (N = 18), who had been diagnosed with the CMI 3-5 years ago. The logistic regression analysis was used for 3 genetic models with and without adjustment for age and duration of mercury vapor exposure. Results: We found that genotypes СС-HSPA1A (+190G/C) and GG-HSPA1B (+1267A/G) had a high predictive risk of the CMI development (adjusted odds ratio (OR adj ) = 5.58, p = 0.026 and OR adj = 14.7, p = 0.0015, respectively). Twelve individuals with the CMI had a specific combination of СС-HSPA1A (+190G/C) and GG-HSPA1B (+1267A/G) genotypes, which strongly associated with the diagnosis (OR adj = 12.3, p = 0.0285). Moreover, significant association with the CMI was also obtained for the haplotype G-C of 1267A/G and 190G/C polymorphisms (OR = 2.1, p = 0.018). Conclusions: The association of СС-HSPA1A (+190G/C) and GG-HSPA1B (+1267A/G) genotypes and their combination for the CMI individuals suggests the role for HSPA1 genes in mercury-dependent mechanisms of the CMI development and progression. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(1):77-85
Introduction. According to genetic factors, it is possible to determine the degree of manifestation of the toxic effects of mercury. The latter justifies the assessment of the genetic status of the exposed contingent in order to identify hypersensitive individuals in whom adverse health effects can be realized when exposed to relatively low levels of the toxicant. The study aims to research the distribution of genotypes of some polymorphic variants of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system, heat shock proteins and tumor necrosis factor in the contingent involved in liquidation measures, as well as to identify individuals with a high prognostic risk of toxic effects due to exposure to mercury. Materials and methods. We conducted genotyping of 231 people (men only): 193 employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) of Russia in the Irkutsk Region and 38 employees of the Federal Environmental Operator (FEO) involved in the elimination of mercury pollution at the industrial site of the mercury electrolysis plant and adjacent facilities on the territory of a former chemical plant in Eastern Siberia. The researchers used real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP methods to study polymorphic variants of the genes CYP1A1 (rs1048943), GSTP1 (rs1695 and rs1138272), TNF-α (rs1800629) and HSPA1B (rs1061581). Results. For the polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene (rs1695), we have identified an increase in the frequency of AG genotypes (p=0.043) and a decrease in the frequency of GG genotypes (p=0.048) in employees of the MES compared to those from the FEO group. The researchers didn’t detect carriers of the TT genotype for the polymorphic locus GSTP1 (rs1138272) in both examined groups. There was the carriage of the rare GG-CYP1A1 homozygote only in one MES employee. We found that 33 MES employees and 3 examined from the FEO group who are carriers of the GG-HSPA1B (+1267A/G) genotype have a high predictive risk of developing toxic effects due to mercury exposure. The experts discussed the data obtained with the results of genotyping of former mercury electrolysis shop workers who were chronically exposed to metallic mercury vapor. The experts have reviewed the data obtained from the results of genotyping of former employees of the mercury electrolysis shop who were chronically exposed to metallic mercury vapor Limitations. The limitations, first of all, should include the number of examined individuals in the FEO group, as well as the lack of data on deletion polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, potentially having a significant role in the toxicokinetics of mercury. Conclusion. The study has revealed 36 carriers of the GG genotype of the polymorphic locus +1267A/G of the HSPA1B gene associated with a high prognostic risk of toxic effects associated with exposure to mercury among the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) and the FEO involved in liquidation work. Taking into account the forthcoming volume and duration of work related to the demercurization of the territory of the former factory with mercury electrolysis technology and the surrounding area it is advisable to take into account the results obtained when monitoring the health status of the liquidators. Ethics. We have received voluntary informed consent, approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics (Protocol No. 6 of 10.03.2020), from each employee being examined.
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