Transient leukemia (TL) also referred to as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) or transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is a unique syndrome that frequently occurs in newborns with Down syndrome (DS). It manifests in the first few days of life and shows leukocytosis with blast cells in the blood and bone marrow. This leukemia resolves spontaneously within first few months of life in the majority of cases. In this report we describe two newborns with a karyotype of 47,XY,+21, presented with marked leukocytosis and many blast cells in the peripheral blood. In both the cases, the blasts disappeared and the total leukocyte count reverted to normal without any specific treatment.

Multiple infections are a common feature of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but coexistent infections at the same site are rare. In this report, we describe a 35-year-old human immunodeficiency virus infected male with coexistent cryptococcal and mycobacterial lymphadenitis. He presented with generalised lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration cytology of enlarged cervical lymph node, aided by special stains, revealed coexistent cryptococcal and mycobacterial infection. Coexistent infections pose diagnostic problems in AIDS patients and are likely to be missed. Special stains are valuable for accurate diagnosis of coexistent infections.

Primary actinomycosis of breast is a rare disease with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 25-year-old lactating woman with primary actinomycosis of breast which was diagnosed on cytology. The patient presented with lump in left breast with dull aching pain. Fine-needle aspiration cytology smears showed acute suppurative inflammation with presence of fluffy basophilic colonies on Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and branched, Gram positive filamentous bacilli on Gram staining. The bacilli were non-acid fast with 1% Zeihl Neelsen stain. A diagnosis of actinomycosis was suggested on cytology. Histopathological examination revealed an abscess with few Gram positive basophilic granules surrounded by eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli material thus confirming the diagnosis of actinomycosis. Meticulous search for microorganisms with the aid of special stains should be done on cytology smears before labeling an inflammatory lesion as nonspecific. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:693-695. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background: Tumourlike lesions or reactive lesions of the oral cavity are group of fibroconnective tissue lesions that commonly occur in the oral mucosa as a result of injury. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relative prevalence of different histopathological aspects of oral soft tissue tumourlike lesions which were received at Pathology department, Government medical college, Miraj, Maharashtra Methods: A total number of 95 cases of tumourlike lesions were included in the study. Specimens were received at department of pathology, Government medical college, Miraj, Maharashtra over a period of 5 years from August 2008 to July 2013. It was one year retrospective and four years prospective, cross sectional study Result: A total number of 642 oral biopsies and excised specimens were studied, out of which 95cases (14.8%) belonged to tumourlike lesions. Among tumorlike lesions, pyogenic granuloma (47.38%) was the commonest lesion, followed by Mucocele (26.32%). Majority of tumorlike lesions were located on gingiva (38.94%) followed by lower lip (28.42%). Males (57.89%) were more commonly affected than females and the commonest symptom was swelling (100%). Conclusion:The most common tumourlike lesion in our study was pyogenic granuloma. Few very rare and interesting cases like plasma cell granuloma and Nasolabial cyst were also seen. Tumorlike lesions presented mainly as nodule or swelling, which should be differentiated from other benign and sometimes malignant lesions, as the tumourlike lesions have good prognosis when compared to malignant lesions. Hence histopathology remains the mainstay for correct diagnosis and treatment.

Schwannomatosis is a term used to describe patients with multiple nonvestibular schwannomas with no other stigmata of neurofibromatosis type-2 (NF2). Neuroblastoma-like schwannoma is a rare subtype of schwannoma, with histological features resembling a neuroblastoma. This case is probabaly the second case of very uncommon neuroblastoma-like schwannoma, in a patient of schwannomatosis.