Epistaxis is bleeding from the Nose and Paranasal sinuses and could be a life threatening emergency requiring urgent attention. The aim is to determine the aetiological factors and highlight treatment modalities in a tertiary hospital in Northwestern Nigeria. This was a 12-year retrospective study of all patients managed with epistaxis between January 2000 and December 2011in the otorhinolaryngology department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. Ninetyfive patients were reviewed, out of which 61 [64%] were males and 34 [36%] were females. Age group 20-29 years had the highest prevalence [21.1%]. The commonest aetiology was hypertension in 24.2% of patients followed by idiopathic 21.1%, rhinosinusitis 20%, trauma 14.7%. Anterior nasal packing was the most common method of treatment [49.5%]. Epistaxis is a common Otorhinolaryngological condition. Hypertension was the commonest cause in this study, with most cases seen in patients' aged 20-29years.
Normal phonation is produced in the larynx by the blast of pulmonic air stream that vibrates the vocal cords. Hoarseness reflects changes in the structure or function of the vocal cords. Objective: This is to describe the clinical profile of hoarseness in children and aetiological factors in a tertiary health institution. Methodology: This is a retrospective eight-year (2006-2013) study of clinical records of patients with hoarseness as their main symptom seen in the ENT department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. Results: Fifty-two children with hoarseness were studied. Thirty three (63.5%) were males, while 19 (36.5) were female with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. The age range was 1 -13 years with a mean age of 5.1 years. Age group 4 -7 years (38.5%) were observed to be more affected with duration of hoarseness ranging from 1 day to 5 years. RRP 23 (44.2%) was the most common aetiology of hoarseness followed by foreign body 15 (28.8%) and Acute Laryngeal infections 9 (17.3%). Tracheostomy was done in 29 (55.8%) of patients. Two patients died post operatively due to improper tracheostomy tube care in the ward. Conclusion: With delayed presentation and its attendant grave sequelae, it has become imperative that persistent hoarseness in children lasting more than three weeks should be endoscopically evaluated by an otorhinolaryngologist.
Lipoma is a benign soft tissue tumour of mature adepose tissue and are observed as slow growing, painless, and asymptomatic masses. Occurrance in the submandibular space is relatively rare. We report a case of an unusually huge and plunging fibrolipoma of the floor of the mouth and submandibular space. We report a 52 years old housewife with complaint of progressive painless swelling of the floor of the mouth and submandibular space with interference to speech and mastication for 3years. Clinical examination revealed an 8cm mobile lobulated mass in the floor of the mouth and plunging into the left submandibular space with no ulceration or signs of inflammation on the overlaying mucosa. A needle aspirate of the mass yielded no fluid. Ultrasonography revealed a lobulated extra-oral mass. The lesion was subsequently excised under general anesthesia and histopathological analysis of the tissue showed lobules of mature adipocytes admixed with fibrous tissues, which confirmed the diagnosis. Fibrolipoma of the floor of the mouth and submandibular space is an uncommon tumour with good prognosis. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Histopathological examination of the tissue must be performed to confirm diagnosis.
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