A study of 76 chondromyxoid fibromas affirms that it is a benign tumor, apparently of cartilaginous derivation, that is most likely to occur in adolescents and young adults. Although a wide skeletal distribution has been observed, the lesion most often affects major limb bones, especially the tibia. The characteristic but somewhat complex histologic range of this lesion, coupled with its benign appearance on roentgenograms, allows ready distinction from other tumors, most importantly chondrosarcoma. The lesion is somewhat more aggressive and considerably more likely to recur in young patients, but adequate local resection nearly always can forestall such recurrence. Malignant transformation is extremely improbable.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and persistence of the hypohidrosis induced by iontophoresis of botulinum toxin type A in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. Eight patients with severe palmar hyperhidrosis participated in this study. Iontophoresis of botulinum toxin was applied to the patients' dominant (right) hand and the other hand was the control treated with normal saline. Gravimetry and iodine-starch tests were performed to evaluate the rate of sweating. The evaluation sessions were at baseline, 2 and 4 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The patients were also asked to fill out the Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The mean sweating rate significantly reduced at the first, second, third and fourth week and the second and third month (P < 0.05) after the treatment in the right hand, and the third and fourth week (P < 0.05) after treatment in the left hand. Iontophoresis of botulinum toxin rapidly induced a quick reduction of sweating rate for at least 3 months with no pain, muscle weakness or other side-effects.

IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to exhibit stimulatory functions including CD14 up-regulation on human monocytic cells. CD14-mediated signaling following LPS stimulation of monocytic cells results in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results show that LPS-induced CD14 expression on monocytic cells may be mediated by endogenously produced IL-10. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which IL-10 enhances CD14 expression, both human monocytes and the promyelocytic HL-60 cells were used as model systems. IL-10 induced the phosphorylation of PI3K and p42/44 ERK MAPK. By using specific inhibitors for PI3K (LY294002) and ERK MAPKs (PD98059), we demonstrate that LY294002 either alone or in conjunction with PD98059 inhibited IL-10-induced phosphorylation of STAT-1 and consequently CD14 expression. However, IL-10-induced STAT-3 phosphorylation remained unaffected under these conditions. Finally, STAT-1 interfering RNA inhibited IL-10-induced CD14 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-10-induced CD14 up-regulation in human monocytic cells may be mediated by STAT-1 activation through the activation of PI3K either alone or in concert with the ERK MAPK.

Background: Transtheoretical model (TTM) is one of the most commonly used methods in behavioral change modeling. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review (SR) to determine research gaps with regard to this template with an emphasis on intervention for patients with chronic diseases (CDs). Materials and Methods: ISI-WOS, Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Magiran databases were examined systematically and on the basis of defined criteria. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of articles retrieved were examined for the presence of defined criteria. Then finalized articles were analyzed in consensus meetings. After that, references of selected articles and full text of those meeting the criteria were also analyzed. Results: We screened 103 articles, excluded 27 in abstract review and 34 in full-text review, leaving 42 articles for critical appraisal. Then the references of these 42 articles were also screened. Fifty articles were excluded on abstract review and 5 on full-text review, leaving 15 articles. The result of the analysis of 57 final articles of this SR determined that 28 articles were about aspects of TTM and 5 stages of change were the most commonly used aspect. Eight articles used TTM in intervention about CDs. A total of 21 articles examined TTM's pros and cons, most of which were about TTM's pros. Conclusions: The majority of studies focused on the effectiveness of TTM on the behavioral change management. This finding supported the hypothesis that TTM can be applied in the prevention of CDs.

Background: Clinical specialists require access to the most recent and up to date professional information. However, barriers such as insufficient time and lack of necessary information retrieval skills necessitate the presence of clinical informationist (CI) in medical teams.Objectives: This study sought to determine the pre-requisite for CI participation in the grand round. Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out using content analysis approach. Study involved all fellowship students and attending physicians in the department of gastroenterology at Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan (Iran), who were selected using purposive sampling. Gathered reports were analysed using qualitative content analysis and concept mapping approaches. Discussion: To improve the process of CI collaboration with clinical specialists during the educational rounds, it is necessary for CI to have certain pre-requisite skills. Conclusions: By identifying the pre-requisites for CI participation in the grand round and explaining advantages of this participation for clinical specialists, this study proposes a suitable process for implantation of CI participation in grand rounds.• Clinical informationists require an awareness of technical, organizational and structural infrastructure in order to meaningfully contribute to the clinical environment.