Sarcocystis spp. are the cyst forming protozoan parasites that prevalent in livestock all around the world. In the presented work, we examined 40 macroscopic and 40 microscopic sarcocysts from Khouzestan and Lorestan provinces, south-western Iran, utilizing PCR-RFLP based on amplification of 18S rRNA gene. Using AvaI, HindII, TaqI and EcoRI restriction enzymes the results represented Sarcocystis gigantea in both macroscopic and microscopic cysts. This result supports the importance of molecular investigations on characterization of Sarcocystis species when we aimed to assess the reliable control and preventive programs.
Epidemiological studies have shown wide geographical and racial variation in the prevalence and patterns of immunodeficiency disorders. To determine the frequency of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Iran, the Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry (IPIDR) was organized in 1999. We extracted the patient's data, by using a uniform questionnaire from their hospital records. The diagnosis of patients was based on WHO criteria. By now, 440 patients with PID, who were observed during a period of 20 years, have been registered in our registry. Among these patients, the following frequencies were found: predominantly antibody deficiency in 45.9% of patients (n = 202), phagocytic disorders in 29.09% (n = 128), T-cell disorders in 24.31% (n = 107), and complement deficiencies in 0.68% (n = 3). Common variable immunodeficiency was the most frequent disorder (n = 98), followed by chronic granulomatous disease (n = 86), ataxia telangiectasia (n = 48), x-linked agammaglobulinemia (n = 45), selective IgA deficiency (n = 42), combined immunodeficiency (n = 15), and severe combined immunodeficiency (n = 14). This study revealed that antibody deficiencies is the most frequently diagnosed primary immunodeficiency disorder in our patients, which is similar to that observed in other registries. A comparative study shows some differences between our results and other registries.
Despite the importance of buffalo farming in Iran, little is known in this country about the abundance and distribution of Eimeria spp. in the animal species. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and species characterization of Eimeria oocysts in river buffalo calves of Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. Of the total 108 fecal samples examined for Eimeria, 108 (100%) were found infected with 11 species of the parasite. Among the identified species of Eimeria, E. bovis was found to be the predominant etiological agent (76.85%), followed in order by E. canadensis (62.96%), E. zuernii (47.2%), E. ellipsoidalis (26.85%), E. subspherica (25.92%), E. brasiliensis (19.4%), E. auburnensis (18.51%), E. alabamensis (14.81%), E. pellita (11.1%), E. illinoisensis (5.5%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.7%). In most calves multiple infections with three species were present. While, 20.7% of calves showed heavy infection, 50.4 and 24.8% of calves showed weak and moderate infection, respectively. There was no significant difference in the OPG values between the calves of different localities. There was also no significant difference between the prevalence rate of infection in males and females. A total of 16.6% of all faecal samples were found to be diarrheic. A highly significant relationship could be identified between the occurrence of diarrhea and the level of E. bovis and E. zuernii oocysts excretion. Considering the pervasive occurrence and negative effects of the infection on the health condition and the growth performance of buffalo calves, infections should receive increased attention by both farmers and veterinarians.
Giardiasis and soil-transmitted helminthosis are prevalent in many parts of the world. Application of a single drug for treatment of both giardiasis and soil-transmitted helminthosis is highly desirable. One hundred children of both sexes, ranging from 7 to 12 years old with Giardia intestinalis cysts or trophozoites in their stool samples, were randomly separated into two groups of 50 individuals each. Each group received either mebendazole tablets 200 mg thrice daily for 5 days or metronidazole tablet 15 mg/kg/day in three divided doses, for 7 days. The results were evaluated by microscopic examination of stools on two successive occasions: 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment. Each occasion consisted of three stool examination on 3 successive days. The cure rate of mebendazole-treated children was 43 out of 50 (86 per cent), and for metronidazole it was 45 out of 50 (90 per cent) with no statistical difference between the two groups. No side-effects were observed in the mebendazole-treated group, whereas nausea, anorexia and metallic taste were observed in 4.9, 6 and 24 per cent of metronidazole-treated children, respectively. In conclusion, the use of mebendazole, which is less toxic with no side-effects, is available and effective on Giardia intestinalis as well as intestinal nematodes, is recommended especially in the areas where giardiasis and intestinal nematodiasis are prevalent and overlap.
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