The deficiency in bioavailable phosphorus is one of the major constraints to cereal production in Mali. The objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of Tilemsi rock phosphate (PNT) with different doses of soluble fertilizers on the solubility of rock phosphate, the agronomic performance of sorghum and the chemical properties of the soil. The study consisted of the comparison of four (4) types of fertilization at three (3) levels of variation 0 kg.ha-1; 11 kg.ha-1, and 16 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus arranged in a complete randomized block with three replicates. The combination of PNT with sulfate ammonium (NH4) 2SO4 resulted in a significant increase in grain and biomass yields during the two years of the study. The increase of the rate of phosphate rock application lead to improve the sorghum grain yield by an average of 29%. The combined application of sulfate ammonium (NH4) 2SO4 with PNT significantly increased the phosphorus uptake indices from PNT. These results show that there is a possibility of improving the productivity of sorghum in Mali with the combined use of Tilemsi rock phosphate and soluble fertilizers, particularly sulfate ammonium. La déficience en phosphore assimilable du sol est l’une des contraintes majeures à la production céréalière au Mali. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de différentes formules de fumures à base du phosphore naturel de tilemsi (PNT) et d’engrais azotés et potassiques sur les propriétés chimiques du sol et les performances agronomiques du sorgho. Pour ce faire, un dispositif factoriel en blocs complètement randomisés a été implanté. Le premier facteur est composé des 4 formules de fumures (PNT granule (P), PNT granule avec KCl , PNT granule avec (NH4)2SO4 et PNT granule avec KCl et (NH4)2SO4 ) et le second facteur les niveaux de doses de phosphore (0 kg.ha-1; 11 kg.ha-1, et 16 kg.ha-1). L’association du PNT avec le sulfate d’ammonium (NH4)2SO4 a entraîné une augmentation significative des rendements grain et biomasse pendant les deux annéesd’étude. L’augmentation de la dose d’apport du phosphore a amélioré le rendement grain de 29% en moyenne. L’application combinée du sulfate d’ammonium (NH4)2SO4 avec le PNT a augmenté significativement l’efficacité agronomique du PNT. Ces résultats montrent qu’il y a une possibilité d’améliorer la productivité du sorgho au Mali avec l’utilisation combinée de phosphore naturel de Tilemsi à la dose de 16 kg.ha-1 et les engrais solubles notamment le sulfate d’ammonium. Ainsi cette formulation pourrait être recommandée en culture de sorgho pour les producteurs à faible revenu en zone Sahélienne du Mali.
An incubation study was conducted (i) to investigate the influence of soil properties on the dissolution of Tilemsi rock phosphate (PNT) and extractability of phosphorus (P) after dissolution and (ii) to develop an algorithm for estimating amounts of rock P needed to meet crop P requirements in West African soils. Subsequently, the amount ORDER REPRINTS of phosphate rock (PR) that had dissolved and changes in Bray-P and Olsen-P were respectively determined by measuring the increase in extractable P (Á NaOH-P) and changes in plant-available P (Á Olsen-P and Á Bray-P). The extent of dissolution of PNT ranged from 3.3 and 38.2% of the total P added to the soils. The greatest PNT dissolution was obtained in Niessumana and Longorola soils, which are acid lowland soils. The highest amount of plant-available P was also measured in these soils. Exchangeable acidity, calcium (Ca) saturation, and effective cation exchange capacity appeared to be the factors controlling the PNT dissolution. The amount of rock phosphate dissolved in contrasting Malian soils could be predicted by a modified MacKay's equation of the form:where Y ¼ amount of PNT dissolved, measured by NaOH extraction; A ¼ 78.1627 þ 30.62149 acidity À 0.63335 CaSat;B ¼ À16.58786 À 21.74709 acidity þ 4.07675 ECEC and c ¼ curvature coefficient. The amount of P to reach the optimal yield for a given crop, which is the difference between P critical level and measured P in a given soil, could be estimated using the plant available-P/NaOH-P ratio and the above modified MacKay's equation.
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