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The Amazon region has a wide variety of native palm trees that have fruits and oilseeds. Among these palm trees, Pará tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare) stands out, which provides the tucumã fruit from which its oil is extracted, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, healing and antibacterial properties, among others. However, oils, like that of tucumã, are sensitive to thermal degradation, as well as oxidative reactions, which can reduce their pharmacological effectiveness. In this way, nanotechnology can be a tool to preserve the pharmacological properties of essential oils and increase their therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, this study aims to develop a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing tucumã butter and oil, to analyze its in vitro properties of anti-inflammatory and healing activity. For that, tests of antiinflammatory activity and healing activity were performed by the Scratch test in vitro. The results of the tests demonstrated that the majority of the NLC concentrations showed anti and pro-inflammatory and healing activity.

Hospital Infection is a major health problem and affects around 1.5 million people annually around the world. The Amazon region has a wide diversity of native palm trees that have fruits and oilseeds. Astrocaryum vulgare, commonly known as Tucumã in Brazil, belongs to the family Arecaceae. This palm has orange, fleshy, single-egg-shaped fruits that are used for therapeutic purposes in diseases of the eyes and skin due to the high content of carotenoids, oil is used in cooking, health treatment and massage. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the Tucumã oil against 18 microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of Tucumã was measured through the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), as well as the determination of the Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) aiming to contribute to the discovery of new antimicrobials against pathogenic microorganisms’ human health and may contribute to the treatment of nosocomial infections. The results showed that the oil of Tucumã presented antimicrobial activity against five important bacteria, four Gram - positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae) and one Gram - negative (Acinetobacter baumannii).

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare)is a fruit native to the Amazon region. Extracts from the peel and pulp are thought of as promising treatments for bacterial infections. The primary constituents of Tucumã oil and butter possess unsaturated carbon chains that are susceptible to oxidation by light or heat. The oils have high volatility and low aqueous solubility that limits their use without a vehicle. Nanotechnology refers to techniques to solve these problems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), for example, protect fixed oils degradation by heat or light, as well as from oxidation and evaporation, ensuring greater stability and function, thereby prolonging the useful life of the final product. Study objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of an NLC containing Tucumã butter and oil soasto improve the solubility and photosensitivity of the compounds, generating better pharmacological efficacy. Materials and methods: The NLC was assessed for stability for 60 days. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononucleated cells was determined in culture using assays for cell viability, DNA damage, oxidative metabolism and damage to human erythrocytes. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution technique and antibiofilm activity according to standardized protocols. Results: The Tucumã NLC remained stable throughout the evaluated period, with pH between 5.22–5.35, monodisperse distribution (PDI<0.3) and average particle size of 170.7 ± 3nm. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the NLC is safe and modulates inflammatory processes, demonstrated by increased cell viability and nitric oxide levels. There was low hemolytic activity of the NLC against human erythrocytes almost concentrations tested. Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that NLC containing Tucumã oil and butter showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against organisms that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. They may be alternative solutions to public health problems related to bacterial infections.

Therapeutic alternatives of natural origin have been arousing the interest of large research centers that are looking for new bioactive molecules to treat numerous diseases in the context of public health. Among them, infectious diseases, which present antimicrobial resistance, deserve attention. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lipid nanocarriers (CLN), as well as the healing activity, arising from the association of tucumã butter with grape seed oil and another one containing microalgae oil. Two formulations were prepared using the high-speed homogenization technique, which was evaluated for antimicrobial action for 10 strains of great clinical importance, including a multiresistant and healing activity. The formulation with Chlorella homosphaera oil showed growth inhibition for the 10 strains tested, in addition to antibiofilm activity for 8 strains, bactericidal action for 3 of 3 isolates, and satisfactory healing action in 48 hours.

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To present a possible new alternative for wound treatment, this work evaluated the biological safety and therapeutic efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles (NPs). First, the nanostructures were studied in silico and showed to be able to inhibit the production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, especially rGO. The results of the morphological and structural characterization of GO NPs synthesized from the Hummers method and reduced by ascorbic acid, were consistent with the literature, confirming their achievement. In the broth microdilution assay, GO and rGO showed antimicrobial activity against the clinical isolate of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 625 µg/mL for GO and 312.5 µg/mL for rGO. In addition, the nanostructure of rGO was able to inhibit, in subinhibitory concentration, the formation of S. agalactiae biofilm by up to 77% when compared to the positive control. Both NPs, in all tested concentrations, did not cause hemolysis, and alterations in coagulation in vitro assays. However, in the safety tests, it was evidenced that only the MIC of 312, µg/mL for rGO was biologically safe and presented anti-inflammatory and healing behavior in vitro. In general, the present work confirmed rGO's potential in the treatment of chronic wounds, since in silico showed anti-inflammatory behavior and in vitro showed therapeutic efficacy at low concentrations, prevented biofilm formation, and showed no significant toxic effects.