The integration of the current findings with the identified studies reveals that (1) the methodological limitations noted by Daruy-Filho and colleagues have been largely resolved in more recent studies and (2) the presence of EET in patients with BD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, particularly early disease onset, presence of clinical or psychiatric comorbidities, suicide, and presence of psychotic episodes/symptoms. The review shows that patients with BD experience more traumatic situations than controls and that emotional trauma is the most frequent type of trauma in this group.
RESUMO. O temperamento é definido pelas diferenças individuais na reatividade e autorregulação, tendo composição biológica e podendo ser influenciado pelo ambiente. O modelo psicobiológico de Mary Rothbart tem sido amplamente utilizado no estudo do temperamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura indexada publicada nos anos de 2008 a 2011 que trata do temperamento de crianças no período do nascimento até a idade escolar, de acordo com a abordagem de Rothbart. As bases de dados utilizadas foram PubMed, PsycINFO, Scielo e Lilacs. Foram encontrados 25 artigos, os quais foram analisados por três pesquisadores quanto aos aspectos objetivo, amostra, instrumentos, resultados e conclusões. As amostras dos estudos foram predominantemente crianças norte-americanas (48%) e europeias (32%), avaliadas, em sua maioria, nos primeiros três anos de idade. A maioria dos estudos (92%) avaliou o temperamento da criança por meio de questionários de heterorrelato, sendo as mães as principais informantes. Os resultados mostraram, de um lado, a relação entre temperamento e indicadores biológicos da criança (oito estudos)m e de outro, a associação entre temperamento e características do contexto familiar (sete estudos). A relação entre temperamento e características do comportamento ou personalidade foi encontrada em quatro estudos. Os demais estudos mostraram associação entre temperamento e transtornos/síndromes, contexto familiar/escolar ou nível socioeconômico/imigração. Nos achados verificou-se que o temperamento nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento ABSTRACT. Temperament is defined through the individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, with biological composition and may be influenced by the environment. The psychobiological approach of Mary Rothbart has been broadly used in the study of temperament. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the published literature indexed between 2008 and 2011, on the topic of child temperament, from the birth period to school age, according to the Rothbart's approach. The databases used were PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo. It was found 25 articles which were analyzed by three researchers as to: objective, sample, instruments, results and conclusions. Study samples were predominantly American children (48%) and European (32%), assessed mostly in the first three years old. Most studies (92%) assessed the child's temperament through hetero-report questionnaires, with the mothers being the main informants. The results showed on one hand the relationship between temperament and biological indicators of child (eight studies) and, on the other hand, the association between temperament and familiar context characteristics (seven studies). The relationship between temperament and personality or behavior characteristics occurred in four studies. The rest of the studies showed an association between temperament and disorders /syndromes, family/school contexts or socioeconomic status/immigration. The finding showed that the temperament in the...
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