Flavonoids in cocoa and yerba mate have a beneficial role on inflammation and oxidative disorders. Their effect on HIV individuals has not been studied yet, despite the high cardiovascular risk of this population. This study investigated the role of cocoa and yerba mate consumption on oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in HIV+ individuals. A cross-over, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 92 individuals on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months and at viral suppression. Participants were randomized to receive either 65 g of chocolate or chocolate-placebo or 3 g of yerba mate or mate-placebo for 15 days each, alternating by a washout period of 15 days. At baseline, and at the end of each intervention regimen, data regarding anthropometry, inflammatory, oxidative and immunological parameters were collected. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, lipid profile, white blood cell profile and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were assessed. There was a difference between mean concentrations of HDL-c (ANOVA; p ≤ 0.05) among the different regimens: dark chocolate, chocolate-placebo, yerba mate and mate-placebo. When a paired Student t-test was used for comparisons between mean HDL-c at baseline and after each regimen, the mean concentration of HDL-c was higher after supplementation with dark chocolate (p = 0.008).
An increase in the frequency of cardiovascular diseases has been observed in the HIV/AIDS population. Studies involving healthy subjects or subjects with other diseases have shown benefits of chocolate supplementation on endothelial function and vasodilation. We evaluate the impact of chocolate consumption on arterial elasticity in people living with human immunodeficiency virus - PLHIV. A double-blind, crossover trial including 110 PLHIV (19 to 59 years) on antiretroviral therapy - ART for at least 6 months and with a viral load of <500 copies per mL was conducted. All subjects were randomly assigned to 15-d dietary supplements containing dark chocolate or placebo with a 15-d washout period. Each participant received one of the two sequences: A (dark chocolate, placebo chocolate); B (placebo chocolate, dark chocolate). Arterial elasticity was measured using the HDI/PulseWave™ CR-2000 CardioVascular Profiling System®. Body composition, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were also assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures using the Stata 11.0® program was used for cross-over analysis. Most subjects were men (59.0%) and Caucasian (46.1%) and the mean age was 44.6 ± 7.1 years. The mean time since diagnosis of HIV infection was 13.7 ± 5.3 years and the mean duration of ART was 12.9 ± 4.2 years. Chocolate consumption resulted in significant alterations in the large artery elasticity index - LAEI (p = 0.049) and the mean concentration of HDL-c was higher after supplementation with dark chocolate (p = 0.045). This is the first study to evaluate the effect of chocolate on arterial elasticity in PLHIV. The results showed that dark chocolate consumption for 15 days improved the elastic properties of the LAEI in PLHIV. These findings, added to the noninvasive method used, may expand the knowledge of CVDs in this population.
É expressamente proibida a comercialização deste documento tanto na sua forma impressa como eletrônica. Sua reprodução total ou parcial é permitida exclusivamente para fins acadêmicos e científicos, desde que na reprodução figure a identificação do autor, título, instituição e ano da dissertação. Aos pacientes. Pela disponibilidade, contribuição, convívio e aprendizado. Á Deus, por iluminar meu caminho. Aos meus pais, Renato e Lélia, por me darem força, apoio e incentivo sempre, sem eles nada seria possível. A toda minha família pelo carinho, inspiração acadêmica e profissional. Especialmente à minha Vó Lélia por me fazer desenvolver o prazer da leitura e dos estudos. Agradecimentos À minha orientadora profª Titular Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó, pela oportunidade de realizar este trabalho, pela orientação, paciência e competência, contribuindo para minha formação acadêmica. À Dra. Liania Alves Luzia, pela ajuda indispensável para realização deste trabalho. Pela força, apoio, amizade e disposição, sempre sorrindo! À profª. Dra. Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno pela colaboração e apoio técnico ao disponibilizar o espaço e equipamentos do Laboratório de Nutrição Humana. À profª. Dra. Sigrid de Souza dos Santos pela disponibilidade em esclarecer dúvidas e colaboração fundamental para o desenvolvimento da dissertação. À profª Dra. Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira Vívolo pela disponibilidade, colaboração essencial para o enriquecimento do trabalho e incentivo. Ao prof.Titular José Maria Pacehco de Souza pela contribuição e apoio durante no desenvolvimento da metodologia estatística. À Larissa Galastri Baraldi pela contribuição e paciência durante as análises estatísticas. Á profa. Dra.Priscilla Efraim da UNICAMP, Arali, Everaldo e Cláudio da JAF Inox®, pela contribuição e colaboração na formulação e confecção dos chocolates utilizados neste estudo. À profª Dra. Deborah Helena Markowicz Bastos, à nutricionista Mariana Correa de Almeida e à farmacêutica Cristiane Dertinatti pela colaboração na formulação dos chá utilizados neste estudo. Ao prof Titular Aluísio Augusto Citrim Segurado por ter possibilitado o desenvolvimento deste trabalho na Casa da aids e ao Instituti de Infectologia Emílio Ribas A todos os funcionários da Casa da aids e do Emílio Ribas, em especial à Karen
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.