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Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the main pests in apple crops in Brazil, where it is controlled by mating disruption (MD) with the use of the synthetic sex pheromone. However, sex-pheromone-based monitoring is not effective in MD-treated areas and may result in losses in production. This work has defined a trap model and a bait for luring G. molesta adults in MD apple orchards. The experiments were conducted in commercial apple orchards located in São Joaquim, SC, Brazil. Three trap models-McPhail, Pot, and Ajar-and three baits-grape juice (25%) (GJ), sugarcane molasses (25%) (SM), and a solution containing brown sugar (8.69%) and terpinyl acetate (0.05%) (TAS)-were assessed for luring G. molesta adults in areas subjected to the mating disruption. The assessments were performed weekly by collecting the insects caught in the traps. In addition, time needed to replace traps was also assessed, as well as the selectivity of the trap/bait set. In the laboratory, G. molesta adults were sexed, and the females were dissected to confirm reproductive status. We discuss our results and sugarcane molasses (25%) captured the least number of G. molesta adults regardless of the tested traps. The Ajar/TAS, Pot/TAS, and McPhail/GJ captured the largest number of G. molesta adults. The Ajar/TAS was the most selective and easier to handle. TAS was efficient in catching G. molesta until 14 days after preparation of the solution. Ajar/TAS has potential to be used in the monitoring of G. molesta in apple orchards.

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Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) primarily attack the pods and seeds of soybean plants, causing severe economic losses in Neotropical Region, and chemical control is essential to avoid these losses. Thus, insecticides more effective against this pest and less toxic to Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) - the main biological control agent of E . heros - should be used. In this report, we studied the differential acute impacts of pesticides used in Brazilian soybean against E . heros and T . podisi and evaluated their sublethal effects on the parasitoid to identify effective pesticides towards the pest with less harmful effect to the natural enemy. The LC 50 of the insecticides to E . heros ranged from 1.20 to 533.74 ng a.i./cm 2 ; the order of toxicity was thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin > acetamiprid + fenpropathrin > zeta-cypermethrin > acephate > imidacloprid. All pesticides were classified as slightly to moderately toxic to T . podisi based on the risk quotient. The exposure of T . podisi females to imidacloprid and the insecticide pre-formulated mixtures reduced the emergence of the offspring parasitoids by up to 40% whereas zeta-cypermethrin and the insecticides pre-formulated mixtures reduced offspring survival. The preferred order of choice of insecticides for the management of E . heros according to agronomic, toxicological, and environmental feasibility was the following: thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin > zeta-cypermethrin > acetamiprid + fenpropathrin > acephate > imidacloprid. Our study provides important and pioneer information to select insecticides for effective control of E . heros with lower impacts on T . podisi .

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