The article analyzes the importance of innovations as one of the main factors influencing the competitiveness of enterprises and economies of the world. The study is based on the author’s empirical research, grounded on the methodology of analysis of empirical data. The survey was carried out among legal entities and separate departments which operate regardless of its type. The study aimed to determine the importance of financial factors in limiting innovation activity and its potential in stimulating the innovation activity of enterprises. A survey was carried out among the enterprises on the factors that significantly influenced their decision to develop innovative projects or constrained implementation of innovation activities. The key challenges of innovation activity of enterprises were analyzed (law barriers, supply-side barriers, demand-side barriers, barrier on the demand and supply interface, lack of identified priorities, challenges of commercialization of the results of scientific and technical work, as well as weak development of infrastructure, labour problems). The research was also carried out by studying features of using financial instruments to stimulate innovation activity of enterprises, analysis of economic indicators characterizing the innovative activity of enterprises, analysis of strengths and weaknesses of innovation projects, as well as improvement of financial instruments for stimulating the implementation of innovations at enterprises. Based on the conducted research, long‑, medium- and short-term directions of financial support of innovative activity were determined. Financial instruments of stimulation innovation activity of enterprises are improved based on the analysis, taking into account socio-economic, political and other particular features of country’s development where such projects are implemented; studying the experience of implementing real innovative projects, analyzing strengths and weaknesses of these projects, feasibility of implementing similar projects under such conditions. Keywords: innovation, innovation ecosystem, innovative activities, investment, simulation of innovative processes, financial instruments.
Driving force of human society development is elimination contradiction between unlimited usage of natural resources during economic activity of enterprises, environment pollution as a result of such activity and limited natural, energy and other resources. Research results on economic and environmental issues of green business management showed that there are several basic types of problems at present which arise at enterprises during collecting and processing data on the results of their activities. The authors analyzed how public sector and green business is catching up on global trend towards broader use of the big data analysis to serve public interests and increase efficiency of business activities. In order to detect current approach to big data analysis in public and private sectors authors conduct interviews with stakeholders. The paper concludes with the analysis what changes in approaches to the big data analysis in public and private sectors have to be made in order to comply with the global trends in greening the economy. Application of FinTech, methods of processing large data sets and tools for implementing the principles of greening the economy will enable to increase the investment attractiveness of green business and will simplify the interaction between the state and enterprises.
Acute otitis media (OSA) is one of the most common diseases in children and adults and the most common cause of antibiotic therapy, often unreasonable. 20–70% of respiratory infections in adults and children is complicated by the development of CCA. Despite the fact that only 10% of CCA has a viral etiology, the vast majority of CCA are also viral-bacterial co-infection. The article presents the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of CCA, such as viral and virus-induced. The term “heat-generating” microorganisms is introduced. A review of the most common pathogens of CCA viral and bacterial. An otomicroscopic picture is described based on the generally accepted domestic classification of CCA. The main tympanometric curves and their types during CCA are presented. Much attention is paid to the modern principles of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. In particular, local anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapy using ear drops containing lidocaine. Some progress in the prevention of acute otitis media is discussed, which has led to a decrease in the frequency of visits to doctors about otitis media and the appointment of antibiotics. This is due to the widespread use of vaccines, as well as the introduction of “wait-and-see” tactics in mild and moderate cases of CCA without initial antibiotic treatment. Success in reducing the incidence of CCA will depend mainly on preventing the colonization of the nasopharynx by otopathogens, as well as reducing the incidence of viral infections. According to international and domestic recommendations, the basis for the prevention of acute otitis media is vaccination against pneumococcus, hemophilus bacillus and influenza virus.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the main factors influencing the preservation and development of Ukraine's labor potential, the study of key areas of public policy in this area and the definition of recommendations for its improvement. The condition and current problems of implementation of labor legislation are studied, the ways of reducing unregulated employment are determined; areas for reforming labor legislation in the field of wages, ensuring proper and safe working conditions are identified; the need to increase the role of social dialogue in the regulation of social and labor relations is stressed; the need to improve the system of vocational guidance and vocational training is identified. The article analyzes the relationship between educational policy and the condition of education at all levels and its impact on the preservation and development of labor potential. Emphasis is placed on the need to revise the system of vocational training by state order, which will help reduce the imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market for certain specialties. Attention is paid to the issues of self-education of employees and lifelong learning. The authors analyze in the article the demographic situation in Ukraine and the role of demographic policy in preserving and developing the labor potential of Ukraine. One of the factors that also affect the preservation and development of Ukraine's labor potential is the high level of external labor migration. Special attention is paid to issues related to the educational migration of Ukrainian citizens. The conclusions emphasize the need to develop a comprehensive “Strategy for the preservation and development of labor potential of Ukraine”, which will include: 1. The normative component determines the legal provision for the preservation and development of labor potential. It is based on labor and social legislation that establishes the level of protection of persons who exercise or may exercise their right to work in the future. At the same time, the normative component is the whole set of normative-legal acts that will regulate practical steps to the preservation and development of labor potential, including the definition of state policy in this direction. 2. The economic component includes the analysis of economic policy of the state as a whole; determining the economic opportunities of society and the individual in Ukraine, their relationship with similar opportunities that exist in the realization of the labor potential of the individual abroad; establishment of favorable and unfavorable conditions that affect the development of labor potential of the state and society. 3. The educational component provides an analysis of the market of educational services, its compliance with the requirements and challenges of the labor market; determination of qualification requirements and skills of graduates, most necessary from the position of the employer; establishing ways to balance supply and demand in the labor market through educational policy, in particular, shifting the emphasis from the theoretical to the practical component of training within vocational and higher education; development of an adult education program (lifelong learning). An important area of educational policy is measures aimed at reducing the level of educational migration. 4. The migration component is an analysis of the migration policy of Ukraine and identification of ways to reduce the level of labor migration of workers and the outflow of qualified personnel. 5. The demographic component includes identifying ways to improve the demographic situation of Ukraine and its individual regions as a factor that directly affects the labor potential of the state in the future. It also includes health policy, in particular, the study of factors influencing the health of the population, ways to improve the quality and accessibility of medical services, the introduction of compulsory state health insurance.
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