Strategy of the State Policy for Preservation and Development of Labor Potential of Ukraine

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main factors influencing the preservation and development of Ukraine's labor potential, the study of key areas of public policy in this area and the definition of recommendations for its improvement. The condition and current problems of implementation of labor legislation are studied, the ways of reducing unregulated employment are determined; areas for reforming labor legislation in the field of wages, ensuring proper and safe working conditions are identified; the need to increase the role of social dialogue in the regulation of social and labor relations is stressed; the need to improve the system of vocational guidance and vocational training is identified. The article analyzes the relationship between educational policy and the condition of education at all levels and its impact on the preservation and development of labor potential. Emphasis is placed on the need to revise the system of vocational training by state order, which will help reduce the imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market for certain specialties. Attention is paid to the issues of self-education of employees and lifelong learning. The authors analyze in the article the demographic situation in Ukraine and the role of demographic policy in preserving and developing the labor potential of Ukraine. One of the factors that also affect the preservation and development of Ukraine's labor potential is the high level of external labor migration. Special attention is paid to issues related to the educational migration of Ukrainian citizens. The conclusions emphasize the need to develop a comprehensive “Strategy for the preservation and development of labor potential of Ukraine”, which will include: 1. The normative component determines the legal provision for the preservation and development of labor potential. It is based on labor and social legislation that establishes the level of protection of persons who exercise or may exercise their right to work in the future. At the same time, the normative component is the whole set of normative-legal acts that will regulate practical steps to the preservation and development of labor potential, including the definition of state policy in this direction. 2. The economic component includes the analysis of economic policy of the state as a whole; determining the economic opportunities of society and the individual in Ukraine, their relationship with similar opportunities that exist in the realization of the labor potential of the individual abroad; establishment of favorable and unfavorable conditions that affect the development of labor potential of the state and society. 3. The educational component provides an analysis of the market of educational services, its compliance with the requirements and challenges of the labor market; determination of qualification requirements and skills of graduates, most necessary from the position of the employer; establishing ways to balance supply and demand in the labor market through educational policy, in particular, shifting the emphasis from the theoretical to the practical component of training within vocational and higher education; development of an adult education program (lifelong learning). An important area of educational policy is measures aimed at reducing the level of educational migration. 4. The migration component is an analysis of the migration policy of Ukraine and identification of ways to reduce the level of labor migration of workers and the outflow of qualified personnel. 5. The demographic component includes identifying ways to improve the demographic situation of Ukraine and its individual regions as a factor that directly affects the labor potential of the state in the future. It also includes health policy, in particular, the study of factors influencing the health of the population, ways to improve the quality and accessibility of medical services, the introduction of compulsory state health insurance.

Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Working Life in Ukraine and in EU Countries

“…This approach makes it impossible to use the proposed methodologies as a unified tool for assessing the quality of working life at the level of all EU countries; b) most studies have been conducted in Western or Central Europe, while Eastern Europe remains out of the focus of researchers, and this part of the EU requires more efforts to assess the quality of working life, as some research results indicate low labor productivity (Simões et al, 2015); ILO experts noted this problem back in 2003 (Gospel, 2003), but almost 20 years later the situation has not changed. Among Ukrainian scholars, issues related to the definition of the concept and assessment of the quality of working life have been addressed since the early 2000s by such scholars as Shaulska L. (Shaulska, 2005) ). The Ukrainian scientific community covers the issue of quality of working life in the context of ILO approaches, taking into account international experience, while developing its own approaches for analysis and evaluation, but most publications are theoretical analyses of stages or attempts to qualitatively assess the state of quality of working life in the country, based on the results of sociological surveys or individual statistics.…”

The Genesis of Theoretical Aspects of Definition of Concept "Labor Potential"

“…Контент-аналіз категорії «трудовий потенціал» дозволив констатувати, що єдиної загальновизнаної думки щодо сутнісного наповнення даної категорії не існує. Науковці відповідно до поставленої мети дослідження використовують різні підходи, а саме [1][2][3][4][5][6]:…”