The article highlights the importance of soybeans as one of the main crops for society's food supply. Based on the analysis of statistical data on yield and soybean sowing areas in Ukraine and the world, ten world countries are leaders in soybean production and the place among them is determined by Ukraine. It has been confirmed that soybeans are a strategic crop in Ukraine, which stabilizes agriculture, increases fertility and nitrogen reserves of the soil, eliminates protein deficiency and helps solve the food problem. The increase in the gross harvest of soybeans is not only due to the expansion of sown areas, but also due to increased yields. To increase the efficiency of production of this crop, it is proposed to introduce a set of innovative solutions at different stages of production of this crop, as well as to use new, productive varieties. In many publications, the authors emphasize that 30–35% of success in growing soybeans depends on the correct choice of soybean variety.
Due to global and rapid changes in climatic conditions for the cultivation of major crops, there is an urgent need for the selection of adaptive varieties that will not reduce their productivity. In modern agricultural production, the variety is the biological foundation on which all elements of cultivation technology are based. If you choose the right variety, it will enhance the effect of other factors. Conversely, if the manufacturer makes a mistake with the chosen variety, it will weaken the effect of all other factors. In agricultural production, it is difficult to predict the outcome, because the existing approaches to soybean cultivation are 70% dependent on soil and climatic conditions. To solve this problem, you need to carefully select adaptive varieties of soybeans. In Ukraine, a fairly large range of soybeans of different maturity groups. In conditions of intensive agriculture with extreme weather conditions, it is important to grow several varieties of different maturity groups on farms. The article highlights the results of the analysis of the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine, as well as analysis of research by other scientists on the basis of which we chose two adaptive varieties of different maturity groups with genetic potential of 4-5 t / ha Ukrainian and foreign selection: Ukrainian ( early-ripening variety Nugget) and Canadian selection (early-ripening variety Amadeus). These varieties are adapted for growing in the Forest-Steppe zone, have high resistance to lodging and shedding. Resistant to soil moisture deficiency, high temperatures and drought-resistant in summer, which is relevant in climate change. The height of attachment of the lower beans in the nuggets Nuggets and Amadeus 13 cm, which determines its suitability for full mechanized cultivation from sowing to harvesting. Phenological observations of seedlings of the studied varieties according to the scheme: Factor A - variety: Nugget, Amadeus. Factor B - inoculation. Factor B - foliar feeding. The experiment was laid on the experimental site of 0.06 ha. The seeds were treated with BTU-t Bioinoculant at the rate of 3 kg / t of seeds, the control was not processed. After the mass emergence of seedlings, it was found that the seeds treated with bioinoculants came out a little later than the control, because bacteria slow down the germination of seeds.
Due to the lack of information about biomorphological features and cultivation technology of species of the genus Nemesia Vent they are still rarely found on the territory of Ukraine and thus are of great interest for cultivation and use for the design of flower beds. The purpose of the scientific work was to analyse the current world assortment of the genus Nemesia Vent, as well as to study the features of flowering, reproductive ability, agrotechnics of growing cultivars of nemesia strumosa, and assess the prospects of their use in decorative gardening in Ukraine. During the research of nemesia strumosa cultivars, laboratory and field research methods were used. It was proved that all the studied cultivars received high ratings of their decorativeness, since the plants under the experimental conditions had well-developed inflorescences, abundant and long-lasting flowering. The plants retained the brightness of their colour throughout the entire period of the flower's life, adapted well to growing conditions, were practically not affected by diseases, and in general were quite resistant to unfavourable conditions. The Orange Prince cultivar proved to be the best of all the cultivars studied in terms of the duration and intensity of flowering, which reached its maximum values on the 60th day from the beginning of the phase with the number of 35 flowers per plant. The studied cultivars can be used in greening health complexes, recreation areas, office territories, adjacent territories, as well as in the design of various types of flower beds. The results of the obtained research are primarily necessary when choosing use cases, developing agricultural technology and breeding programmes, and for carrying out research work aimed at meeting the needs of horticulture. Considering that they are grown both for the needs of the protected ground and open gardening, the study of these issues is a significant contribution for botanical science in general, primarily for decorative gardening in Ukraine, as well as for practical floriculture and landscape design
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