Background Effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium alfalfae, and Trichoderma viride; secondary metabolites of MS1 (B. bassiana) and MS2 (V. alfalfae); and Dimethoate active substances on the aphid species, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were tested. Main body of the abstract Fungus isolates were prepared as 107 conidia ml−1 of spore suspensions and applied on the 2nd instar nymphs of A. gossypii. After the applications, evaluations were made on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days by counting the live individuals. Obtained data were 100 and 93% mortality rate at MS1 (B. bassiana) and MS2 (V. alfalfae), and secondary metabolites were recorded in the 3rd day count results. On the 5th day counts, the highest mortality rates after secondary metabolites were statistically at the same group with B. bassiana, T. viride, and dimethoate. On the 7th day, counting results of all experiment groups were analyzed statistically and were found effective. Short conclusion Obtained results showed that the fungal secondary metabolites might be useful when utilized as a biocontrol agent against the aphids.

Background Effects of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF); Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Pupureocillium lilacinum against tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), which is one of the most economic pests of tomato, were investigated in Petri dish, pot and greenhouse experiments. Commercial bioinsecticide Met 52 was also used in the experiments. In the Petri dish trials, I. fumosorosea applied to the third instar larvae by dipping method was recorded as the most effective entomopathogen, while the efficacy of B. bassiana was high in the spray and residue methods. In the pot experiments, entomopathogenic fungi were applied to tomato plants before and after infestation with T. absoluta. Results As a result of the applications, it was found that the EPF significantly reduced the formation of galleries on tomato leaves when applied before or at the beginning of tomato leafminer infestation. In the greenhouse experiments a registered insecticide Voliam Targo was also applied. All applications significantly reduced the numbers of galleries on tomato leaves than in the control plants, in both greenhouse trials, made in Antalya and Isparta Provinces. I. fumosorosea was the most effective one among the tested 3 EPF. Conclusions In this study, it was determined that the EPF B. bassiana and P. lilacinum can reduce tomato leafminer damage, while the efficacy of I. fumosorosea was the highest, and especially after two applications it was nearly effective as the registered insecticide.

Background In this study, commercial bioinsecticides including entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, and Spinetoram active ingredient insecticide were evaluated against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae. Main body The active ingredients were prepared at the recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions and applied to the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta by spraying with a hand sprayer. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the application, evaluations were made by counting survived individuals. The findings showed that the highest mortality rates were detected in the case of Spinetoram with 56, 60, 88, and 100% on all counting days of the experiments, respectively. The highest mortality rate among bioinsecticides was recorded for M. anisopliae, with 87% mortality on the 7th day of application. Short conclusion As a result, Spinetoram was found the most effective insecticide when applied to T. absoluta, followed by M. anisopliae.

bitki, çalı ve ağaçlar üzerinde bulunan yaprakbitlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma yapılan yıllarda Nisan ve Ekim ayları arasında ayda 2 kez olmak üzere arazi çıkışları yapılmıştır. Yaprakbitleri ile bulaşık olan bitki kısımları budama makası ile kesilip kağıt torbalar içerisinde laboratuvara getirilmiştir. Daha sonra % 96'lık alkol içerisine alınarak preparatı yapılmak üzere etiketlenmiştir. Yaprakbitlerinin preparasyonununda Hille Ris Lambers (1950)'in uyguladığı yöntem kullanılarak preparat işlemleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçta 31 farklı konukçu bitki üzerinde Aphididae familyasına bağlı Aphidinae, Lachninae ve Pemphiginae altfamilyalarından 18 cinse ait 34 tür belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) ve Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) sırasıyla Aphis nasturtii ve Rhodobium porosum için ülkemizde yeni konukçu olarak kaydedilmiştir.

The biological effects of entomopathogenic species, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill and Akanthomyces attenuatus Zare & Gams on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) nymphs at 1x108 conidia concentration (ml-1) were investigated at the laboratory conditions. The experiments were conducted at 25°C, 65% relative humidity, and 16:8 hours of lighting in a climatic cabinets. Alive nymphs were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th days of incubation. B. bassiana caused higher mortality of the nymphs than A. attenuatus did. A statistical difference was determined between the isolates on the 7th and 9th days of the experiment. The highest mortality rates were determined in the isolate of B. bassiana with 72% and the isolate of A. attenuatus with 54% on the 9th day. The LT50 value for the isolates of B.bassiana and A. attenuatus was 6.02 days and 8.33 days, respectively.