Traffic congestion has had an impact on longer travel time and increased operational costs because vehicle speeds do not reach the speeds designed. Therefore, this research aims to decrease congestion costs using transit-oriented development (TOD). TOD is the integration of land use and transit to create a community that can walk within walking distance of a transit stop or station. It integrates people, jobs, and services to create efficient, safe, and comfortable services for traveling on foot or by bicycle, transit, or car. TOD can reduce the congestion cost
Maize demand for feed, industry, and consumption is increasing in line with the increase in population and industry, while the supply of maize does not meet the demand. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the significant variables that affect maize cultivation and scenarios to increase maize production and farmers’ income using simulation model. As a method to develop the models, a system dynamics simulation model is used to accommodate internal and external variables that affect the production and farmers’ income which can be done using organic fertilizer, the integration between land expansion and organic fertilizer, and the implementation of precision agriculture. The simulation results show that land area, use of fertilizers, and technology adoption affect the production and income of maize farmers. The scenarios developed include organic fertilizer scenario, expansion and organic fertilizer scenario, and precision agriculture scenario. The resulting scenario can be used as a recommendation for the government and stakeholders in developing strategies and policies related to a sustainable maize farming system that can help increase the production and income of maize farmers.
Several areas are planned to be transit-oriented development in Surabaya, one of which is Joyoboyo. Joyoboyo Terminal will be developed as a transit point in Joyoboyo TOD. At present, Joyoboyo Terminal functions as a park and ride building. The accessibility of the Joyoboyo terminal is measured by total travel time to Surabaya CBD. In this study, we used Google maps and Moovit to obtain the total travel time by private vehicles and public transport to 7 Surabaya CBDs. The results of the travel time survey show better accessibility using a private vehicle (car) than public transport (bus/city transport). The travel time difference was about 4 to 20 minutes. This research also provided an accessibility map from Joyoboyo TOD to Surabaya CBD.
The Surabaya government has embarked development of urban public transportation to reduce the tendency of private vehicle usage. Urban transport development is also coupled with strategic planning for development around stations, known as transit-oriented development (TOD). The TOD areas are still in pre-development planning phases as the Surabaya mass rapid transit project has not started yet. One of the pre-development planning TOD in Surabaya is Joyoboyo Terminal. This research aims to evaluate Joyoboyo TOD readiness to represent the area where people are physically able to walk. The accessibility of Joyoboyo TOD measured by distance traveled to Joyoboyo terminal. Findings showed only 53.04% of Joyoboyo TOD is accessible in current condition and it is increased 6.7% if scenario 2 applied. The accessibility map represents a suitable area for public space and a decent area for high-density housing in Joyoboyo TOD. These findings represent the basis requirements for developing a TOD area in Surabaya, especially Joyoboyo TOD.
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