Identification of novel enzymes from lignin degrading microorganisms will help to develop biotechnologies for biomass valorization and aromatic hydrocarbons degradation. Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 grows with alkaline lignin as the single carbon source and is a great candidate for ligninolytic enzyme identification. The first dioxygenase from strain L1 was heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized with an optimal temperature and pH of 32.5 °C and 7.4, respectively. It showed the highest activity with 3-ethylcatechol and significant activities with other substrates in the decreasing order of 3-ethylcatechol > 3-methylcatechol > 3-isopropyl catechol > 2, 3-dihydroxybiphenyl > 4-methylcatechol > catechol. It did not show activities against other tested substrates with similar structures. Most reported catechol 2,3-dioxygenases (C23Os) are Fe2+-dependent whereas Bacillus ligniniphilus catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (BLC23O) is more Mn2+- dependent. At 1 mM, Mn2+ led to 230-fold activity increase and Fe2+ led to 22-fold increase. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses suggested that BL23O is different from other Mn-dependent enzymes and uniquely grouped with an uncharacterized vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) family protein from Paenibacillus apiaries. Gel filtration analysis showed that BLC23O is a monomer under native condition. This is the first report of a C23O from Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 with unique substrate preference, metal-dependency, and monomeric structure.
Nineteen late-blight resistant B3C1 potato genotypes received from the International Potato Center (CIP) and two local checks were planted in an exhibition trial conducted in three potato-growing locations on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria in the 2007 rainy season. The field trials were situated in Bokkos, Kerang and Kuru as part of the accelerated variety selection scheme being promoted by CIP to speed up the release of new varieties and increase adoption rate. The objectives were to identify and select together with the farmers, high yielding and late-blight resistant genotypes and by so doing, popularize these genotypes in advance of their release. Eight B3C1 potato genotypes (P<0.05) performed better than the local check at Kuru, while three gave higher yields than the local check at Kerang. In Bokkos, none of the B3C1 genotypes yielded greater than the local checks. Clones 392617.54, 393073.179 and 396026.103 gave tuber yields that were (P<0.05) greater than the local checks in Kuru and Kerang with yields of 23.63, 25.24 and 19.79t/ha, respectively. Based on overall performance, ten of the B3C1 genotypes were selected for further evaluation. Farmers preferred genotypes with large tuber size, fewer tubers and high yield. Few of them (3% and 6%) considered tuber colour and tuber shape, respectively, as important characteristics when selecting a potato variety.
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