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In this work, a nonlinear deterministic model for schistosomiasis transmission including delays with two general incidence functions is considered. Rigourous mathematical analysis is done. We show that the stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the existence of an endemic equilibrium for the model are stated in terms of key thresholds parameters known as basic reproduction number R 0 . This study of the dynamic of the model is globally asymptotically stable if R 0 ≤ 1, and the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R 0 > 1. Some numerical simulations are provided to support the theoretical result with respect to R 0 in this paper.

BackgroundMale breast cancer is a rare and less known disease. Therapeutic modalities affect survival. In Burkina Faso, male breast cancers are diagnosed in everyday practice, but the prognosis at short-, middle-, and long-term remains unknown. The objective of this study is to study the diagnosis stages, therapeutic modalities, and 5-year survival in male breast cancer at the General Surgery Unit of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital from 1990 to 2009.MethodsA cohort longitudinal study concerning cases of breast cancer diagnosed in man. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and survival curves were compared through the LogRank test.ResultsFifty-one cases of male breast cancer were followed-up, i.e., 2.6% of all breast cancers. Stages III and IV represented 88% of cases. Eleven patients (21.6%) were at metastatic stage. Patients were operated in 60.8% of cases. The surgery included axillary dissection in 25 (80.6%) out of 31 cases. Lumpectomy was performed on 6.5% of patients (2 cases). Fifteen (29.4%) and 11 (21.6%) patients underwent chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, respectively. The FAC protocol was mostly used. Radiation therapy was possible in two cases. The median deadline for follow-up was 14.8 months. A local recurrence was noticed in 3.2% of cases. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.9%. The median survival was over 5 years for stages I and II. It was 54 down to 36 months for stages III and IV.ConclusionDiagnosis is late. The lack of immunohistochemistry makes it difficult to define the proportion of their hormonal dependence. Surgery is the basic treatment. Five-year survival is slow and the median survival depends on the diagnosis stage. It can be improved through awareness-raising campaigns and the conduct of individual screening.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a behaviour change approach, with or without financial support, in improving vitamin A (VA) intake and serum retinol concentration through mango and liver consumption by children. Design: A parallel design (no control area) was used to assess changes in VA intake and serum retinol over a 15-week period. Setting and subjects: A pilot study was implemented in the Department of Kokologho, a rural area in central west Burkina Faso. One hundred and fifty children aged 2-3 years were randomly selected and assigned to two treatment groups: PA$$ (promotional activities and financial support) and PA (promotional activities). Results: The intervention significantly increased (P , 0.001) total VA intake by 56% in PA$$ and by 50% in PA. VA intake from liver increased significantly (P , 0.001) from 12.7^23.5 to 155.3^56.3 mg retinol activity equivalents (RAE) in PA$$ and from 21.6^29.7 to 135.3^44.9 mg RAE in PA. Changes in VA intake from liver were significantly higher (P ¼ 0.004) in PA$$ compared with PA. Mean serum retinol concentration increased significantly by 26% (P , 0.001) in PA$$ and 30% (P , 0.001) in PA. Changes in serum retinol concentration (0.13 mmol l 21 in PA$$ vs. 0.17 mmol l 21 and in PA) did not differ significantly (P ¼ 0.455) between groups over the intervention. Conclusion: Promotional activities on mango and liver intake effectively increased VA intake and serum retinol concentrations. Although an additional beneficial effect of financial support on liver intake was observed, this did not translate into a further increase in serum retinol concentration.

8106positive for aminoglycosides and/or quinolones and/or macrolides (17.24%) and beta-lactam and/or sulfonamides and/or tetracyclines (51.72%). Residues of aminoglycosides and/or quinolones and/or macrolides were detected in 25% of curds, 2.38% of pasteurized milk and 16.66% of yoghurt while, the residues of beta-lactam and/or sulfonamides and/or tetracyclines were detected in 70% of curds, 66.66% of pasteurized milk and 38.88% of yoghurt. Conclusion and Application: Milk and dairy products are contaminated by antibiotics residues of different families exceeding the authorized maximum limits. Therefore, measures to raise awareness of farmers and quality control of dairy products must be made to preserve the health of consumers.