O. vulgare leaf extract has inhibitory effects on paraquat-induced liver damage due to its antioxidant properties.

Oral administration of silymarin could ameliorate renal histopathological changes in paraquat-induced nephrotoxicity. Also, it reduced serum urea, creatinine, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde. Silymarin has anti-inflammatory, nephro-protective and anti-oxidative stress activities. Hence, it might be useful in patients who were exposed to nephrotoxic agents.