Steroids (cholesterol and ergosterol) are components of cell membranes. There are important sterols like cardenolide-digoxigenin and bufadienolide-scillarenin, which have an effect on the heart. Fusidic acid, a steroid obtained from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, has antimicrobial characteristics and is used to treat infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (5-10 mg/kg 3 times per day). Alfaxolone and alfadolone are synthetic steroids developed in this way for general anesthesia (1).Soybeans are a major source of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, which play a role in the growth of plant cells. Beta-sitosterol is added to products like margarine and corn oil. Fats like these have an antilipidemic effect because they reduce the absorption of cholesterol through the intestines (they cause less lipidemia than normal fats). Stigmasterol acts as an antioxidant. It also reduces the risk of prostate cancer (2,3).It is known that plant-based sterols (stigmasterol) have a negative effect on the absorption of other steroids by the intestines (they also prevent the biosynthesis of cholesterol). Stigmasterol, campesterol, and beta-sitosterol have been demonstrated to inhibit the D24-reductase enzyme in Caco-2 and HL-60 cells. It has been found
In this study, the effects of Vitamin C on oxidative stress in anthrax vaccinated cattle were investigated. The research was performed on 40 healthy cattle without any race and gender difference, and aged 6-8 months that were not anthrax vaccinated. The cattle were divided into four equal groups. The first group was determined as the control group. 1 ml anthrax vaccine was administered to the second group, 1 ml anthrax vaccine and 5 mg/kg dose of vitamin C was administered to the third group, and vitamin C was administered to the fourth group at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Blood collection were collected and serum samples were extracted just before the vaccination and drug administration (0 th day) and on the 2 nd , 14 th and 28 th days after the administration. Nitric Oxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) levels of serum samples were evaluated. It was found that the MDA and NO levels significantly increased (P<0.05), and the amount of SOD and CAT decreased in the vaccine group on the 2 nd , 14 th and 28 th days compared to the control group. It was determined that the MDA and NO levels in the vaccine-vitamin groups on the 2 nd , 14 th and 28 th days decreased insignificantly (P> 0.05) compared to the vaccine group. It can be asserted that the use of vitamin C in combination with anthrax vaccine in cattle would be beneficial in terms of reducing oxidative stress.
In this study, the protective effects of cysteamine, putrescine, and the combination of cysteamine and putrescine were investigated in mice with fibrosarcoma induced with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). A total of 135 adult male albino mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and weighing 20 ± 2.0 g, were used in this study. All groups (each consisting of 15 mice) were fed ad libitum. The experimental groups were Group 1 (drinking water), Group 2 (0.2 mL sesame oil s.c.), Group 3 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 mL sesame oil), Group 4 (0.1% cysteamine), Group 5 (0.1% putrescine), Group 6 (0.1% cysteamine + putrescine), Group 7 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 sesame oil + 0.1% cysteamine), Group 8 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 mL sesame oil + 0.1% putrescine), and Group 9 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 mL sesame oil + 0.1% cysteamine + 0.1% putrescine). Experimental groups were given cysteamine and/or putrescine mixed with drinking water right after being injected with 3-MC subcutaneously. After 7 months, the mice were euthanized by means of cervical dislocation and were evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. The results showed that the number of tumors of 3-MC-induced fibrosarcoma were reduced from the highest to the lowest by cysteamine, cysteamine + putrescine, and putrescine, respectively.
ObjectivesMetabolic acidosis is a common disorder seen in course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of Base excess (BE), Anion gap (AG) and Delta Ratio with progression of CKD, renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement and mortality in patients with stage 3–5 CKD.MethodsA total of 212 patients with stage 3–5 CKD were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the baseline BE level. Patients were also grouped according to the delta ratio such as non- AG, High AG and mixed type.ResultsMean BE level was significantly lower (−4.7 ± 4.0 vs. −3.3 ± 4.3; p=0.02) in patients with CKD progression. The patients in group 1 (n: 130) (Be<−2.5) revealed more CKD progression (%53 vs. %32; p=0.002), and RRT requirement (%35 vs. %15; p=0.001). Baseline BE <−2.5 (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.91; p<0.05) and baseline GFR (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.97; p<0.001) were independently related to RRT requirement. Delta BE was independently associated with mortality (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.96; p<0.01).ConclusionsLow BE levels were associated with CKD progression and RRT requirement. BE change is associated with mortality during the follow-up of those patients.
In this study, water, ether and methanol extracts of the hot pepper (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum annuum var globriusculum, and Capsicum frutescens) were used as antimicrobial compounds. The pepper was shredded into small particles using a sterile scalpel and dried in a dark environment at room temperature. Dried peppers were grinded and 150 g of powder was separately thawed in 150 ml of water, 150 ml of methanol and 150 ml of ether. Samples were left for 24 hours for maceration. Samples were filtered through the Whatman No.1 filter paper. The liquid portion was evaporated to 1 ml thick with vacuum evaporator to obtain stock of extracts (25 o C) (temperature is correct). The microdilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the extracts. The stock and serially diluted (2 folds) plant extracts were tested on Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Arcobacter skirrowii, Helicabacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, which were prepared as standardized inoculum (1-2 x 10 6 CFU/ml). The results were measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm wavelength. The in vitro activity of hot pepper extracts was determined at different concentrations on the bacteria tested. It was determined that the methanol extract of Capsicum annuum (C. annuum) was effective on Helicabacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, while its water extract was highly effective on Arcobacter cryaerophilus. To Cite This Article: Doğan ANC, Çelik E, Kılıçle PA, Atalay E, Sağlam AG, Doğan A and Otlu S, 2018. Antibacterial effect of hot peppers (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum annuum var globriusculum, Capsicum frutescens) on some Arcobacter, Campylobacter and Helicobacter species. Pak Vet J, 38(3): 266-270. http://dx.
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