Bi-directional interaction between economically important fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and aphid Myzus persicea causes serious economic losses to the crop plants resulting in loss of both time and money spend. In bi-direction interaction the fungal pathogen and insect herbivores, can both interact directly with the plant and interact indirectly with each other as they struggle to compete for the resources of the plant. We investigated the bi-directional interaction between the necrotrophic and economically important fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers Fr (Helotiales Sclerotiniaceae) and the aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera Aphididae) on plant host, lettuce Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae: Compositae). Botrytis cinerea on host plant causes a brownish discoloration of the leaf petiole accompanied by the rotting of the leaves, however, presence of aphids on lettuce plants causes' economic damage directly through injury and indirectly through virus transmission, resulting in wilting and head contamination.In this study, it was found that negative interaction between B. cinerea and Myzus persicae was established. The presence of fungal pathogen B. cinerea and Myzus persicae stressed the host lettuce plant, resulting in significant reduction in the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence, and reduction in the dry shoot and root weight of the lettuce plant. The study established that aphid population growth rate and the number of B. cinerea lesions decreased when both were present on the same host plant.
With the continuous development and innovation of computer technology, China’s railway transportation industry has gradually moved to the forefront of railway development in the world. In the good market prospect, the cultivation of talents has become the core task of development, and the rapid development of railway transportation industry has also brought severe teaching pressure. In recent years, under the guidance of the idea of “employment-oriented and ability-ability as the standard”, higher vocational education in, but it is also facing pressure such as the decline of the quality of students and the continuous improvement of the requirements of enterprises for human quality. From the follow-up investigation of employers, it is found that most enterprises think that the graduates’ adaptability to the post is poor, and the school does not really teach the students the applicable knowledge and skills in their work. On the other hand, teachers reflect difficult to teach, students feel difficult to learn, therefore, in the classroom often appear “teachers speak exhausted, students learn two minds” situation. In the actual teaching process, the traditional teaching method has brought many drawbacks to the teaching of railway transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the current market development, we should reform the teaching methods based on the computer-oriented teaching mode.
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