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The diagnosis of sclerosing mesenteritis has increased with the more frequent use of MDCT and the popularization of the DICOM viewer. Defined hallmarks on MDCT can be helpful for differentiating sclerosing mesenteritis from other pathologies.

An anterior sacral meningocele, a rare congenital anomaly, manifested in a previously healthy 44-year-old woman with findings of meningitis, including headache, vomiting, unconsciousness, and fever. Nontraumatic pneumocephalus, tetraventricular hydrocephalus, fluid-fluid level at the lateral ventricles, and pial enhancement were observed on multidetector computed tomography. A ventricular drainage catheter was placed to decompress the hydrocephalus, and drainage was performed urgently. Escherichia coli was isolated from the drainage material. Whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging and fistulography were undertaken on the third day after admission to evaluate for anal and urinary incontinence and pareses of both upper and lower extremities. Spinal arachnoiditis, tethered cord, dysgenesis of the sacrum, and a rectothecal fistula were demonstrated. Specific antibiotic treatment and surgery for fistula tract excision were performed.

The close relationship between inflammation and thrombosis affects the progression and severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies between 1% and 7% among patients with IBD. The VTE risk in patients with IBD is at least 3 times higher than that in the normal general population. The absolute risk is very high during hospitalization, active disease, and surgery. The IBD-related VTE occurs at younger ages and recurs more frequently. The development of thrombosis in IBD is due to the interaction of many hereditary and acquired risk factors. Each patient diagnosed with IBD should be evaluated for a personal and family history of thrombosis and for prothrombotic drug use. Although procoagulant factors are increased during the natural course of inflammation, natural anticoagulants and fibrinolytic activity are decreased. Although IBD is accepted as a prothrombotic condition, there is no treatment that can remove this risk from daily practice. Patient training is required to control important factors, such as long-term immobilization and smoking. Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy should be avoided. Inducing permanent disease remission must be the key approach for the prevention of thrombosis. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the basis of prophylactic treatment, which reduces the thrombosis risk by 50%. Prophylaxis with LMWH should be administered to all patients with IBD hospitalized due to disease attack or surgery. Long-term or even life-long anticoagulation therapy should be planned if there is insufficient disease control, recurrent VTE attacks, positive thrombophilia tests, or thrombosis in vital veins.

Although the most involved organs are liver and lung, hydatid cysts occur in adrenal glands, rarely, and constitute only 0.5% of hydatid cysts. Herein, we demonstrate and discuss, for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge, the radiological features of adrenal hydatid disease and evaluate the long-term results (57 months of follow-up) of the percutaneous treatment of hydatid cyst in the adrenal gland in a patient.

Long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate nephrotoxicity can be predicted by serum cystatin C plus creatinine-based e-GFR measured before treatment.

Objective: It is known that depression is common in obese individuals. Besides the effects of obesity, pathogenic effects of increase in visceral and abdominal fat mass on depression are also being investigated. Our study aimed to show the relationship between visceral fat percentage detected with practical methods and the presence and severity of depression.Materials and Methods: Our study included 104 obese patients and 50 healthy controls. In all individuals, the severity of depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Anthropometric measurements, visceral fat percentage, and body fat percentage were measured using the bioelectric impedance method.Results: The mean age was 51.5±12.3 years, and 65 participants (62.5%) were women. BDI scores were statistically higher in the obese group than in the control group (23.1±10.9 and 12.1±9.4, p<0.001). In the obese group, 63.5% of patients were depressed, and in the control group, this was 24%. Women were more depressed in the obese group, but there was no significant difference between men and women in the control group. Body fat percentage was the highest correlating parameter with depression severity. Positive correlation was found between depression severity and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and visceral fat percentage. In the logistic regression analysis, obesity was found as an independent risk factor for depression (OR: 4.84, 2.1-10.7, p<0.001).Conclusion: According to the results of our study, obesity is a significant and independent risk factor for depression. Obesity type and body composition are important factors that determine the severity of depression.Keywords: Obesity, depression, body composition, bioelectric impedance ÖZ Amaç: Depresyonun obezlerde sık görüldüğü bilinmektedir. Obezite varlığının yanında, viseral ve abdominal yağ kitlesindeki artışın depresyon üzerindeki etkileri de araştırılmaktadır. Biz de çalışmamızda pratik yöntem-lerle tespit edilen viseral yağ oranı ile depresyon varlığı ve şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiyi göstermeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 104 obez hasta ve 54 sağlıklı kontrol alındı. Tüm bireylerde depresyon şiddeti Beck depresyon ölçeği ile değerlendirildi (BDI). Antropometrik ölçümler, viseral yağ oranı ve vücut yağ oranı biyoelektrik impedans yöntemi ile ölçüldü.Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 51,5±12,3 olarak bulundu ve vakaların 65 tanesi (62,5%) kadındı. BDI skorları obez grupta kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı biçimde yüksekti (23,1±10,9 ve 12,1±9,4 p<0,001). Obez gruptaki hastaların % 63,5'i, kontrol grubundakilerin ise %24'ü depresifti. Obez gruptaki kadınlarda depresyon daha fazla idi, ancak kontrol grubunda kadınlar ve erkekler arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Vücut yağ oranı, depresyon şiddeti ile en yüksek korelasyon gösteren parametreydi. Depresyon şiddeti ile vücut kitle indeksi, bel çevresi, kalça çevresi ve viseral yağ oranı arasında pozitif korelasyon vardı. Lojistik regresyon analizinde obezite, depresyon için bağımsız bir risk faktörü ola...

The ability of translated cellular proteins to perform their functions requires their proper folding after synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for coordinating protein folding and maturation. Infections, genetic mutations, environmental factors and many other conditions can lead to challenges to the ER known as ER stress. Altering ER homeostasis results in accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins. To eliminate this problem, a response is initiated by the cell called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves multiple signaling pathways. Prolonged ER stress or a dysregulated UPR can lead to premature apoptosis and an exaggerated inflammatory response. Following these discoveries, ER stress was shown to be related to several chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease that have not yet been clearly demonstrated pathophysiologically. Here, we review the field and present up-to-date information on the relationship between biological processing, ER stress, UPR, and several chronic diseases.