Long-Term Follow-Up of the Percutaneous Treatment of Hydatid Cyst in the Adrenal Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Although the most involved organs are liver and lung, hydatid cysts occur in adrenal glands, rarely, and constitute only 0.5% of hydatid cysts. Herein, we demonstrate and discuss, for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge, the radiological features of adrenal hydatid disease and evaluate the long-term results (57 months of follow-up) of the percutaneous treatment of hydatid cyst in the adrenal gland in a patient.

Incidentally detected hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland: A case report

“…With an incidence of about 0.5%, adrenal hydatid cyst (AHC) disease is rarely seen, even in geographical areas where the disease is endemic[ 3 , 4 ], commonly occurring in the body as part of disseminated hydatid disease. In other words, primary (isolated) AHC is an extremely rare disease[ 8 , 9 ].…”

“…AHCs are rarely complicated and become symptomatic most due to symptoms developing as a result of pressure. The most frequent symptoms are pain existing due to inflammation in the adjacent tissues caused by the cyst, and those connected with the gastrointestinal system, such as distension, fullness, nausea, vomiting, constipation and loss of appetite[ 4 ]. The most severe complication of AHC disease is the rupture of cyst, causing anaphylaxis and bleeding[ 3 ].…”

“…AHC may press on the renal artery externally, but this depends on its size and localization. This condition is called Goldblatt phenomenon, and may lead to arterial hypertension[ 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 ]. An AHC may press on the adrenal medulla, causing pheochromocytoma-like symptoms, such as headache, palpitation and hypertension[ 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Hydatid cysts are a zoonotic disease caused by echinococcal parasites from the taeniidae family[ 1 - 4 ]. In humans, four different types of echinococci have been identified as causing hydatid disease; however, the most frequently presented types are E. granulosus, which causes cystic echinococcosis and E. multilocularis, which causes alveolar echinococcosis[ 1 , 5 - 7 ].…”

“…E. granulosus accounts for 95% of all echinococcal diseases that occur in humans[ 1 ]. Hydatid cysts can involve almost all the organs and tissues; however, in the human body, the liver (45%-77%) and the lungs (10%-50%) are the two organs that are most frequently involved[ 2 , 4 , 7 , 8 ]. Even in regions where the disease is endemic, hydatid cyst disease is rarely seen in the adrenal glands.…”