In many applications, Image de-noising and improvement represent essential processes in presence of colored noise such that in underwater. Power spectral density of the noise is changeable within a definite frequency range, and autocorrelation noise function is does not like delta function. So, noise in underwater is characterized as colored noise. In this paper, a novel image de-noising method is proposed using multi-level noise power estimation in discrete wavelet transform with different basis functions. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error represented performance measures that the results of this study depend on it. The results of various bases of wavelet such as: Daubechies (db), biorthogonal (bior.) and symlet (sym.), show that denoising process that uses in this method produces extra prominent images and improved values of PSNR than other methods.
This paper presents, new compact and multiband frequency reconfigurable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The antenna is designed and optimized to cover mobile application devices like GPS, WLAN/Wi-Fi, WiMAX, 4G LTE, UWB, and satellite applications. The frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using only a single RF switch (PIN diode) for changing the operating frequency. The antenna dimensions are 45.6x39.6x1.6 mm 3 printed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant εr = 4.3, loss tangent tan (δ) = 0.002 and 50 Ω coaxial feed line. The proposed antenna has two patches connected by a single PIN diode. The antenna introduces nine resonant frequencies under (S11 ≤ -10 dB) which are: 0.980 GHz,
In this paper presents the design and manufacture of a new broadband elliptical patch antenna with a microstrip feed line and optimum antenna parameters. The antenna dimension of (30 × 21 × 1.6) 𝑚𝑚 3 and fabricated on an FR-4 epoxy substrate having relative dielectric constant 𝜀 𝑟 =4.3, loss tangent tan (δ)=0.002 and the feed line used has characteristic impedance of 50Ω.The designed antenna has the capability of operating in the bandwidth (6. 95-30.94) GHz and the gain (6.8) dBi. The antenna performance was modified by inserting a slots in the ground plane to achieve impedance bandwidth (when S11≤-10dB) and slots to patch to improve the gain. The modified antenna was designed to be used for fifth generation (5G) mobile communication. The simulation results are obtained using CST software.
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