Introduction: Vortioxetine is an antidepressant that has a multimadal action mechanism and has recently come into use. The present study was planned to determine whether vortioxetine affects pain threshold in mice. Method: The experimental animals were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group. The distilled water was given to the control group, 5 mg/kg of vortioxetine was intraperitoneally administered to the first group, 10 mg/kg of vortioxetine was intraperitoneally administered to the second group and 20 mg/kg of vortioxetine was intraperitoneally administered to the third group. Mice were placed on a hot-plate at 30 and 90 minutes. Hind paw licking and jumping times of the mice on the hot plate surface (55°C) were recorded.. Results: With increasing dose (0 mg p>0.05, 5 mg p<0.001, 10 mg p<0.001, 20 mg p<0.001) and increasing time (30th minute p<0.01, 90th minute p<0.01), it was observed that the reaction time per minute, which was a reflection of pain treshold was decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that vortioxetine may have a decreasing effect on pain threshold in mice. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which vortioxetine exerts its hyperalgesic effect.
Purpose: To identify the factors associated with the pain level in patients receiving intravitreal injection. Methods: A total of 120 patients were prospectively evaluated, and 104 were included in the study. Patients were asked to rate their pain intensity from 0 to 10 on the visual analog scale. Factors that were possibly associated with pain level were evaluated using a sociodemographic data form, state anxiety inventory, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results: Of the participants, 54 (51.9%) were female, and 50 (48.1%) were male, with a mean age of 65 ± 9.01 years. There was a positive correlation between pain level and state anxiety scores ( r = 0.30; P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between hospital anxiety score ( r = −0.23; P = 0.02) and hospital depression score ( r = −0.27; P = 0.01). The correlation between pain score and education level was significantly higher in primary and secondary school graduates ( P < 0.01). Smokers were observed to have higher pain scores (6.50 ± 2.21 in smokers and 4.87 ± 2.50 in nonsmokers; P = 0.01). Among diagnostic groups, pain scores were found to be significantly lower in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) group (6.82 ± 1.99 in age-related macular degeneration, 5.94 ± 2.27 in retinal vein occlusion, and 3.58 ± 1.97 in DR; P < 0.001). When pain scores were evaluated according to the drug injected, the group receiving bevacizumab injection was observed to have higher pain scores (7.32 ± 1.81 in bevacizumab, 4.00 ± 2.08 in aflibercept, and 3.92 ± 1.96 in ranibizumab; P < 0.001). Based on the multiple regression analysis, the state anxiety score, hospital anxiety score, hospital depression score, and smoking status were observed not to be significant predictors. The level of education, diagnosis, and active substance were found to have a statistically significant effect on pain perception. Conclusion: In this study, pain levels have been found to be high in smokers, those with a low educational level, individuals receiving bevacizumab for intravitreal injection, and those having a higher level of state anxiety, whereas patients with DR have lower pain scores.
Objective: Many individuals with cigarette addiction are known for beginning to smoke cigarettes during adolescence years. In this study, we aimed to present the clinical outcomes of smoking cessation project conducted in an Anatolian school in Kartal district of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: Social and motivational studies were carried out on adolescent smokers after scanning in terms of smoking in an Anatolian school and 44 of these adolescents who are clinical requirements were evaluated and followed by Chest disease and child and adolescent mental health for six months. Carbonmonoxide (CO) measurements in the expiratory air and carboximeter (piCO smokerlyzer, Bedfont Scientific Ltd, England) were made at the first visit and follow-up. Simultaneously, K-SADS PL (Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective disorders for School Age Children) was administered diagnostically in mental health evaluation. Results: A total of 44 adolescents, 13 girl (29.5%) and 31 boy (70.5%), with a mean age of 17.31 were followed up. The mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was 14.2 ± 1 and 32 (82.7%) adolescent were found to have at least one smoker in their home. While 22.7% of adolescents did not try smoking cessation, 77.3% of them did. Six of these adolescents indicated that they did not smoke during the six months; 55.5% of these adolescents have at least one mental illness; the most common diagnoses were 25.0% (n = 11) of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and 20% (10) of MD (Major Depression). While depression was significantly frequent in girls (p = 0.043), the frequency of ADHD was not significant in terms of gender. Depression presence was associated with early onset of cigarette smoking in males (p = 0.019), but not with females (p = 0.394). There was a statistically significant correlation between smoking cessation effort and age in the follow-up period (p = 0.022), and earlier adolescents stated that they wanted to quit smoking more. While there is no significant association between smoking cessation effort and mental disease, there was a statistically close relation with parent and sibling smoking (p = 0.07) and significant correlation with motivation and smoking cessation effort (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Smoking cessation work in adolescents is much more difficult than in adults. Biological and social factors and peer impact influence interventions. In our study, very few adolescents stated to quit smoking for 6 months, and the rate of psychiatric illnesses among adolescents and the presence of individuals smoking at home were found to be quite high. It has been the result of these factors also affecting the success of adolescents to start smoking and to quit smoking.
Introduction Disulfiram is a medication that raises blood acetaldehyde levels by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. It has been reported that taking disulfiram can cause psychosis or mania. There are only a few case reports in the literature, mostly about mania. We introduce this case of disulfiram-induced mania without dose adjustment whereas continuing maintenance treatment at the prescribed amount in a patient with no psychiatric history. Case Mr. K, a 57-year-old patient with a history of 25 years of alcohol consumption, had stopped drinking five months ago and had been taking disulfiram (500 mg/day) for five months. During treatment, he was admitted to the outpatient clinic with complaints of decreased need for sleep, increased speech, and psychomotor activity, — in particular for 4-5 days. During the psychiatric examination, it was discovered that the rate of speech had increased, that flight of ideas was present, and that the affect was cheerful and nervous. There was an increase in self-esteem and grandiose delusion. The examination revealed psychomotor agitation. The patient was admitted to the hospital for examination, follow-up, and treatment. Mania was observed. Treatment with valproate 1000 mg/day and risperidone 4 mg/day was planned. The patient showed no psychotic or manic symptoms while continuing outpatient clinic controls. Conclusion Rare complications, such as manic episodes, might occur even in patients receiving the prescribed amount and long-term disulfiram treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.