Sodium azide (NaN 3 ) has been used in many biological studies as a mutagen. In the present study, the morphological and cytogenetic effects of NaN 3 on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings were investigated. Seeds of barley were treated with different concentrations of NaN 3 (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mmol/L) and applied for different periods of time (3 and 4 h). Parameters investigated, except for the mitotic index, were determined on Days 7 and 14. Increasing concentrations of NaN 3 affected germination rates on Days 7 and 14 following application for 3 and 4 h. Although the length of the roots and leaves was affected by treatment with NaN 3 on Day 14 of the germination period, coleoptile length was affected by NaN 3 treatment on Day 7. Increasing concentrations of NaN 3 and increased treatment period decreased the mitotic index compared with the untreated control. The inhibitory effects of NaN 3 on the mitotic index indicate that NaN 3 can have genotoxic and mutagenic effects on barley seedlings.

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Background: Selenium (Se34) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals and has growth promoting and antioxidative effects at low concentrations. Methods: Effects of various sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) doses on grain amino acid content of barley cultivars (Bülbül 89 and Çetin 2000) was investigated using ion exchange liquid chromatography. Results: Majority of the amino acids could be altered with Selenium (Se) fertilization. Grain Se content of Bülbül 89 (0.175 mg kg−1) and Çetin 2000 (0.171 mg kg−1) were similar and both displayed an increase in proteinogenic, essential, and sulfur amino acids. The response of cultivars was more pronounced for Se accumulation and amino acid content at mid dose (12.5 mg ha−1). The quantities of proteinogenic, essential and sulfur amino acids increased considerably at that dose. Se induced increase in nitrogen content might cause an increase in some of the proteins of grain and consequently can alter amino acid composition. An obvious increase in the limiting amino acids (lysine and threonine) were prominent in response to Se fertilization. Conclusion: Se treatment influence amino acid composition of barley grains; especially improve the quantity of limiting amino acids and consequently nutritional value of the grain.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, and also affects plant metabolism. In this study, the effects of increasing doses of Se application on the uptake of selenium (Se), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) content of three barley cultivars were investigated. The analysis indicated that the Se contents were highest in root tissues, intermediate in grain, and lowest in stem tissues in all cultivars. Total Se accumulations (whole plant) were highest in 'Bülbül89' (0.171 mg kg −1 ), intermediate in 'Ç etin 2000' (0.153 mg kg −1 ), and lowest in 'Tarm 92' cultivars (0.124 mg kg −1 ). In all cultivars, the increase in grain Se content resulted in a decrease in the grain N content. While 'Bülbül 89' can be suggested for biofortification purposes, less Se accumulating 'Tarm 92' cultivar can be suggested as a fodder in Se contaminated or high Se containing areas.

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Bu çalışma kapsamında, endemik Iris galatica türünün in vitro çoğaltılması için bir protokol geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Iris galatica türüne ait olgunlaşmamış embriyolar ve in vitro gelişen sürgünlerden elde edilen yapraklar farklı konsantrasyon ve kombinasyonlarda thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP) ve α-naftalenasetik asit (NAA) içeren Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besin ortamlarında kültüre alınmıştır. Eksplant başına olgunlaşmamış embriyolardan 4.85, yapraklardan ise 3.04 adet sürgün elde edilmiştir. Rejenere olan sürgünler 3-5 cm uzunluğa ulaştığı zaman köklendirmeye alınmıştır ve en iyi köklenme 1 mg/l IBA veya 1 mg/l NAA içeren ortamlardan elde edilmiştir.