This paper investigates how Islamic doctrine conceives the place of work by outlining the notion of an Islamic work ethic and by discussing a number of human resource issues in relation to Islam. Knowledge of these issues has become an urgent need given the high level of discrimination Muslim workers suffer in modern workPlaces. The paper argues that potential areas of friction between Islam and contemporary HRM practices can be managed effectively as there is not inherent conflict between Islamic doctrine and modern workPlaces. The paper concludes with an outline of the nature of the Islamic influence in Australia, a western nation in which Islam is one of the fastest growing religions.
This article explores the values that local government senior managers assume in their day‐to‐day relationship with elected officials (councillors). The study is set in the state of Victoria, Australia which, along with the two other levels of Australian government, has a strong historical association with the Westminster system of public management. The findings demonstrate that local government senior managers practice the fundamental values and beliefs of public management neutrality.
This chapter will look at the principles of operations research and quantitative methods that are most accessible and suitable for program managers. Operations research is, in principle, the application of scientific methods, techniques, and tools for solving problems involving the operations of a system in order to provide those in control of the system with optimum solutions to problems. Put simply, it is a systematic and analytical approach to decision making and problem solving. This chapter provides an overview of operations research, its approach to solving problems, and some examples of successful applications. From the standpoint of a program manager, operations research is a tool that can do a great deal to improve productivity, assist in decision making, and optimize solutions. Therefore, the potential rewards can be enormous. Optimization techniques are also explained in this chapter to help program managers understand their importance. The last part of the chapter will look at linear programming methods and applications for construction, as this is the most widely applicable field for these types of problems. Linear programming can be used to allocate, assign, schedule, select, or evaluate whatever possibilities limited resources possess for different jobs. It has been used extensively in construction-related problems, where it can deduce the most profitable methods of allocating resources. Operations Research-IntroductionA common misconception, held by many, is that operations research is a collection of mathematical tools. While it is true that it uses a variety of mathematical techniques, operations research has a much broader scope. Operations research does not preclude the use of human judgment or non-quantifiable reasoning; rather, the latter are viewed as being complementary to the analytical approach. One should, thus, view operations research not as an absolute decision-making process, but as an aid to making good decisions (Tam et al. 2007). Operations research plays an advisory role by presenting the program manager or a decision maker with a set of sound, scientifically derived alternatives. However, the final decision is always left to the human being, who has knowledge that cannot be exactly quantified, and who can temper the results of the analysis to arrive at a sensible decision.Operations research is applied to problems that concern how to conduct and coordinate the operations (i.e., the activities) within an organization. It has been applied extensively in diverse areas such as manufacturing, transport, construction, telecommunications, planning, military operations, and management systems. It is a vital tool for program managers, and without its application, construction programs are at risk of being less effectively developed and managed.In particular, the process begins by carefully observing and formulating the problem, including gathering all relevant data. The next step is to construct a scientific (typically mathematical) model that attempts to abstract the essence o...
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