“…Quantitative studies, for instance, commonly apply Western operationalizations of constructs like leadership and organizational commitment to countries with very different value systems such as the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region. Religion, however, influences how people see reality, how they see their role in life, their own power to change events and the ways that others should be treated (Bouma, Haidar, Nyland and Smith 2003). The nature and extent of religious beliefs are likely to shape how external events are interpreted and how organizations should respond to them, for example, attitudes to structuring organizations, leadership, job design and individual motivation.…”