Aim:This study aimed to distinguish carbon nanotube (CNT) particles and their pathological effects on the liver of birds in areas with carbon emissions.Materials and Methods:Twenty-one domestic ducks were collected from pure farmers and exposed to different sources of air pollution. Histological stains were used to detect the accumulation of carbon particles. In addition, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used to detect apoptosis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique was used to determine the morphological design of carbon particles.Results:Light microscope results showed that the liver sections contain multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) which appear as black spots in the hepatic parenchyma. The histopathological changes of parenchyma include sinusoidal dilatation, infiltration, and congestion with frequently high number of macrophages. In general, early destruction of hepatic parenchyma was observed. Moreover, SEM results showed two morphological types of CNTs: The ball-shaped nanoparticles scattered as ultrafine carbon black and fiber form of carbon particles were recognized as MWCNTs in the hepatic tissue. Fluorescence microscopy results showed the early and progressive stages of apoptosis in the hepatic cells of birds in polluted areas, which can be related to the degree and exposure period to pollutants.Conclusion:The study indicates that liver morbidity of birds living in the farms affected by the pollution of brick factories is higher than the birds living in farms affected by the pollution of oil fields.
The current study was conducted at the Department of Biology, College of Science, Wasit University to investigate physiological and histological effect monosodium glutamate in laboratory male rats, preventive role of vitamin E. This study was carried out in Laboratories of College of Science, Wasit University, AL- Shaheed Dr. Fairooz Hospitals, from November 2017 to April 2018.The study included twenty-four and divided into four groups (six rats per group). the first group severe as a control group orally dosed with distilled water, and treated the second group (100 mg/kg b.w. Monosodium glutamate for 30 days, and the third group were dosed orally 200 mg/kg of b.w. for 30 days, either The fourth group were dosed with a mixture of Monosodium glutamate 200mg/kg and vitamin E 100 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. after the trial period has been sacrificing animals for testing and chemical standards physiological and histological. As are result of by exposure to Monosodium glutamate in blood serum are negatively biochemical whole height of the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Low-density lipoprotein, very- low density lipoprotein, liver enzymes, AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine level, urea serum, further more we noticed a decrease in high density lipoprotein. The preventive treatment resulted in vitamin E 100mg/kg b.w. with Monosodium glutamate 200 mg/kg b.w. (p≤ 0.05) in body weight and relative weights of organs (liver and kidney). We noticed a higher moral when treatment with vitamin E with Monosodium glutamate 100 mg/kg in high- density lipoprotein, while serum cholesterol level decrease, triglycerides, Low-density lipoprotein, very- low density lipoprotein. And liver and kidney functions have improved by low Enzyme AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine and urea serum level. Histological examination revealed that the liver and kidneys, of rats exposed 100, 200 mg/kg of Monosodium glutamate has been adversely affected by exposure to Monosodium glutamate. Whereas, the histological of the liver of animals treated with vitamin E with Monosodium glutamate natural pictures showed improvement. These results demonstrate that MSG toxic effects on the liver and kidney tissue. The more toxic than salt rate too. The study recommends to avoid using MSG as food additives and food for animals because of the toxic effects of this salt.
Because ducks are one of the important poultry in Iraq and due to the important role of the pancreas in the digestive process, this study was conducted to obtain the histological structure of the duck endocrine pancreas with its immunohistochemical study. The pancreas samples were taken from 10 indigenous adult male ducks. The histological study used two stains. Primary and secondary antibodies to the glucagon and insulin hormones were used for the immunohistochemical study. The result of the current study revealed three types of islets (alpha, beta, and mixed islets) in the duck pancreas. Alpha islets consisted of mainly alpha cells with few delta cells, and beta islets contained beta cells and a few delta cells. Also, alpha and beta cells with numerous delta cells were presented in mixed islets. The pancreatic islets are concentrated in the splenic lobe. The immunohistochemical result found the average glucagon intensity in alpha and mixed islets of duck pancreas was (295.3 ± 8.32 megapixel, and 110.2 ± 4.35 megapixel) respectively, and the average insulin intensity in beta and mixed islets of ducks was (265.4 ± 5.14 megapixels, 122.1 ± 3.65 megapixel) respectively.
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