Background: Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare benign inflammatory process of the prostate. Clinical, biochemical and imaging similarities make xanthogranulomatous prostatitis a difficult differential diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Case presentation: We report the case of a 62 year-old diabetic patient, with 3 months of lower urinary tract symptoms. On digital rectal examination, the prostate was hard and nodular. Initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 43.97 ng/mL, with urine analysis and transabdominal ultrasonography not showing any alterations. A multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate was performed and showed two foci that were classified as PI-RADS 4 lesions. A transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was then realized. After an initial suspicion of prostatic adenocarcinoma, on clinical, biochemical and radiological grounds, histopathological examination revealed a suppurated xanthogranulomatous prostatitis, with no evidence of malignancy. Conclusions: Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is an uncommon benign inflammatory condition of the prostate that can clinically, biochemically and even radiologically simulate prostatic adenocarcinoma. We advise that if an older male with low urinary tract symptoms and a hard nodular prostate on digital rectal examination presents, the first diagnosis that one should think of is prostate adenocarcinoma, especially if PSA is high. However, only histopathological examination can differentiate with certitude between these two pathologies and is therefore essential for the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis.
Abstract. With the smartphone boom, positioning oneself on the Earth's surface has become something common. Everyone know how to uses their smartphone to get their location or finding their way. However, achieve centimetric accuracy on positioning still a topical issue that arouses considerable interest. Geodetic GNSS antennas are currently used for this field, but their price is incompatible with the mass market applications (autonomous cars, drones, machine automation, photogrammetry, etc.). In this paper, an approach to improve the Android smartphone positioning is presented using low-cost GNSS receiver. Requested by Syslor, a start-up working in buried networks, the society want to enhance its customer services. The purpose of this study is to present a method to reach centimetric localisation of smartphones for augmented reality and as-built 3D plans applications.
Background
Personalized targeted treatment in metastatic breast cancer relies on accurate assessment of molecular aberrations, e.g. overexpression of Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER-2). Molecular interrogation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide an attractive alternative for real-time biomarker assessment. However, implementation of CellSearch-based HER-2 analysis has been limited. Immunofluorescent (IF) image interpretation is crucial, as different HER-2 categories have been described. Major questions in CTC research are how these IF categories reflect gene expression and amplification, and if we should consider ‘medium’ HER-2 expressing CTCs for patient selection.
Methods
Tumor cells from spiked cell lines (n = 8) and CTCs (n = 116 samples) of 85 metastatic breast cancer patients were enriched using CellSearch. Comparative analysis of HER-2 expression by IF imaging (ACCEPT, DEPArray, and visual scoring) with qRT-PCR and
HER-2/neu
FISH was performed.
Results
Automated IF HER-2-profiling by DEPArray and ACCEPT delivered comparable results. There was a 98% agreement between 17 trained observers (visual scoring) and ACCEPT considering HER-2
neg
and HER-2
high
expressing CTCs. However, 89% of HER-2
med
expressing CTCs by ACCEPT were scored negative by observers. HER-2
high
expressing tumor cells demonstrated
HER-2/neu
gene amplification, whereas HER-2
neg
and HER-2
med
expressing tumor cells and CTCs by ACCEPT were copy-number neutral. All patients with HER-2-positive archival tumors had ≥1 HER-2
high
expressing CTCs, while 80% of HER-2-negative patients did not. High relative gene expression of HER-2 measured on enriched CTC lysates correlated with having ≥1 HER-2
high
expressing CTCs.
Conclusion
Automated images analysis has enormous potential for clinical implementation. HER-2 characterization and clinical trial design should be focused on HER-2
high
expressing CTCs.
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