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Novel quaternary iminium compounds, namely, N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-N-benzyldodecyliminium chloride (I a ), N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-N-benzylhexadecyl iminium chloride (I b ), N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-N-benzyloctadecyliminium chloride (I c ), and N-benzylidene-N-benzyldodecyliminium chloride, were prepared. The surface properties such as surface and interfacial tension, foaming, and emulsifying power of these surfactants were investigated. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess ( max ), minimum surface area (A min ), efficiency (PC 20 ), and effectiveness ( CMC ) were calculated. Free energy of micellization ( G o mic ) and adsorption ( G o ads ) were calculated.

6‐Azidotetrazolo[1,5‐b]pyridazine („3,6‐Diazidopyridazine”︁, 1) reacts at ambient temperature with phosphanes or phosphites 2a–c to yield the phosphazenes 3a–c. In contrast to literature reports, the tetrazolopyridazines 1, and 3a,b react with phosphanes to yield 3,6‐bis(phosphoranylideneamino)pyridazines 4; however, the required temperature is rather high (180°C). The use of phosphites instead of phosphanes leads to „Michaelis‐Arbuzov‐type”︁ rearrangements; thus, 3a reacts in boiling 2d to afford 6, and heating of the trimethoxyphosphazene 3c in refluxing 1,2‐dichlorobenzene yields the methylamino derivative 7.

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The dyes were applied to polyester and polyamide fabrics, and their spectral and fastness properties were measured.

3-Amino-4-cyanopyrazole I reacts with hydroxylamine and with hydrazine to yield 1H,6H-3-aminopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyrazole (III and IV). Diazotized IV couples with 2-naphthol to give the arylazo derivative VI which cyclizes to 9H-naphthol[2,1-e]pyrazolo[3',4':3,4]pyrazolo[5,1-c]-[1,2,4]triazine VII by means of acetic acid. The pyrazol-5-ylthiourea obtained from I and phenyl isothiocyanate undergoes base-catalyzed cyclization to give pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinethione derivative IX. Compound I reacts with cyclohexane in the presence of zinc chloride to give the tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline derivative XI. The reaction of I with pyridine 1-oxide affords 4H,5H-pyrazolo[5',1':2,3] [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carbonitrile XII.