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Biomedical waste (BMW) contains pathogenic microorganisms that may severely harm the community and environment. Due to the Covid pandemic-2019, isolated wards at health care units and even due to the home treated patients; vast quantities of BMW are generated. Covid-19 converts even ordinary waste such as gloves, testing kits, and personal protective equipment into high-risk BMW. The appropriate disposal of such waste involves safety, affordability, and efficacy; hence can be considered a complex issue. A solution proposed in this article is an OSBMWTU (on-site biomedical waste treatment unit) by using microwave radiation. The possibility of enhancing the thermal effect of microwave radiation by using chemical additives was tested. The proposed machine reduces waste volume, inactivates microorganisms, and disposes BMW on-site. Findings suggest that adding butter spray to microwave radiation enhances thermal effectiveness by 43%, increasing treatment temperature while minimizing time, power, and running costs. The proposed machine will work automatically after filling the BMW, thus, minimizing the human involvement. It prevents bio-hazardous waste accumulation and decreases its volume by up to 80%. The designed machine is characterized by safety, low cost, and small dimensions. A machine that can handle 72 kg BMW/day can be set up on-site in an area of 1.5 m2. The suggestion of the proposed machine as a BMW management and treatment system will reduce environmental pollution due to BMW during COVID-19 and even after the pandemic.

Recently, the intense interest for bio-polymer for biomedical applications has gone up. This interest was due to patients researchers, and the medical world seeking for effective solutions to their serious challenges, such as the need to repair or, replace, substitute organs or tissues. In current article, Rentato Panelli mathematical equation utilize to understand and track parameters refer to a physical significant, deformation nature and shape memory degree and of two types of bio-polymer derivative mixtures, Avicel 102 and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG). Panelli constants were stated by using combination of two, known, bio polymer in term of deformation and shape memory specifications to validate of the equation parameters to predict this characteristics for unknown materials which may be part of human body or cardiovascular artificial parts. Constants and coefficients for equation measured by applying low pressure ranging from 15 to 75 Mpa. The issues emerging from the findings relate specifically to depth in-die analysis. The most interesting findings was the Panelli equation parameters are perfectly valid in representing bio-polymer characteristics under stress. These parameters and characteristics are able to assess the features of the bio-polymer which sometimes become beyond the scope unless defined by using specific instrumentation. In addition, these parameters can decide the applied pressure that achieve particular density in the manufacturing conditions. These parameters determine process conditions that produce desired biomedical engineering application as bio ink for 3D printing, artificial organs, and drug delivery system which is difficult or rather impossible without use classical methods.

Immediate onset of action in a lot of cases is extensively used than ordinary therapy, however; produce tablets with acceptable features as tensile strength, suitable with acceptable industrial limits, reduced ordered unit segregation tendency, and rapidly or appropriate disintegration time, is a classic problem. Use disintegrant is considered one of corner stone to achieve pharmaceutical tablets that meet requirements of recommended tablet formulation in the markets. Sodium Starch Glycolate as an elastic material (super disintegrant) is the component of compacted tablets by direct compression in current work. Uniaxial compaction process was implemented by utilizing a universal testing machine. The tablets were compacted under applied load ranging from 75 to 375 MPa. A 13 mm diameter cylindrical die was used to characterize the compression behaviour of the 1.0 ± 0.01 g of material. Number of the evidences from this study is, the tabletted powder characteristics and the volume-pressure measurements relationship were investigated. The recommended tablet formulations were evaluated by using elastic relaxation, indirect tensile strength, friability, and disintegration tests. Applying load higher than 150 Mpa produces compacts with a longer disintegration time, low elastic relaxation, in addition to tensile strength and friability percentage identical to recommended tablets formulation in the markets.