Abstrak_ Makalah ini membahas arsitektur vernakular dalam hal konsep dan pendekatan dalam studi. Keragaman definisi, sikap, dan preferensi telah menghasilkan berbagai pendekatan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Mengenali perbedaan ini dapat membantu untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang kondisi saat ini dan cakrawala masa depan dalam penelitian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini termasuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkategorikan pendekatan dominan terhadap arsitektur vernakular. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi lima kecenderungan yang dianggap arsitektur vernakular sebagai objek estetika, fenomena biologis (jenis dan evolusi), substansi material-fisik (penjelasan fisik), realitas budaya-sosiologis, dan akhirnya sebagai fenomena antropologis. Pendekatan-pendekatan ini merepresentasikan perpindahan dari dokumentasi ke interpretasi, objektivitas ke subjektivitas, dan primitif ke biasa dalam studi. Fenomenologi, hermeneutika, semiotik, studi gender, dan feminisme menetapkan cakrawala baru bagi penelitian arsitektur vernakular. Evolusi sikap dapat dijelaskan di bawah perubahan paradigma penelitian dari positivisme ke post-positivisme dan fenomenologi.Kata kunci: Arsitektur Vernakular; Desain Iklim; Budaya; Sosiologi; Tipologi. Abstract_ This paper addresses vernacular architecture in terms of concepts and approaches in studies. The diversity of definitions, attitudes, and preferences has led to a variety of approaches in recent decades. Recognizing these differences can help to obtain a deeper understanding of today's conditions and future horizons in research. The objectives of this study included identifying and categorizing the dominant approaches toward vernacular architecture. The research used a qualitative and descriptive method. The results identified five tendencies considered vernacular architecture as an object of aesthetics, a biological phenomenon (types and evolution), a material-physical substance (physical explanations), a cultural-sociological reality, and finally as an anthropological phenomenon. These approaches represented the movement from documentation to interpretation, objectivity to subjectivity, and primitive to ordinary in the studies. Phenomenology, hermeneutics, semiotics, gender studies, and feminism set new horizons for vernacular architectural research. The evolution of attitudes can be explained under the change in research paradigms from positivism to post-positivism and phenomenology.Keywords: Vernacular Architecture; Climatic Design; Culture Sociology; Typology.
Smartphone Documentation Photogrammetry Tile paintings Ḥāfeẓ tombPhotogrammetry is a metric technique for indirect measurement through images. This technique could be applied in recording architectural features and documenting buildings. Therefore, smartphone-based photogrammetry can be considered a creative method for architects and conservators to document monuments quickly and promptly. The main objective of this paper is to study the smartphone-based photogrammetry capabilities in two case studies in terms of accuracy and precision. Historic tileworks in Ḥāfeẓ tomb, Shiraz, Iran, has been considered as examples of traditional decorations in Iranian architecture. For this purpose, close-range photogrammetry with stereo photography was used. A smartphone camera has captured the photos. Photogrammetric steps were performed in Agisoft Metashape Professional. The result was 3D models and an orthoimage of the tiles. The accuracy of the results was acceptable for ordinary documentation and differed on average 0.45% to as-built measures. Orthoimage is believed to be an important document for analyzing and studying the patterns and colors used in these works of art. The results of this study emphasized that closerange photogrammetry with a smartphone can in the future be a public and reliable technique for documenting architectural heritages, especially in medium and small-scale projects.
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